Sri Aurobindo
Early Cultural Writings
(1890 — 1910)
Part Three. On Education
The Brain of India [I]
The time has perhaps come for the Indian mind, long pre-occupied with political and economic issues, for a widening of its horizon.
Such a widening is especially necessary for Bengal.
The Bengali has always led and still leads the higher thought of India, because he has eminently the gifts which are most needed for the new race that has to arise.
He has the emotion and imagination which is open to the great inspirations, the mighty heart-stirring ideas that move humanity when a great step forward has to be taken.
He has the invaluable gift of thinking with the heart.
He has, too, a subtle brain which is able within certain limits to catch shades of meaning and delicacies of thought, both those the logic grasps and those which escape the mere logical intellect.
Above all, he has in a greater degree than other races the yet undeveloped faculty of direct knowledge, latent in humanity and now to be evolved, which is above reason and imagination, the faculty which in Sri Ramakrishna, the supreme outcome of the race, dispensed with education and commanded any knowledge he desired easily and divinely.
It is a faculty which now works irregularly in humanity, unrecognised and confused by the interference of the imagination, of the limited reason and of the old associations or saṃskāras stored in the memory of the race and the individual.
It cannot be made a recognised and habitual agent except by the discipline which the ancient Indian sages formulated in the science of Yoga.
But certain races have the function more evolved or more ready for evolution than the generality of mankind, and it is these that will lead in the future evolution.
In addition, the race has a mighty will-power which comes from the long worship of Shakti and practice of the Tantra that has been a part of our culture for many centuries.
No other people could have revolutionised its 
whole national character in a few years as Bengal has done.
The Bengali has always worshipped the Divine Energy in her most terrible as well as in her most beautiful aspects; whether as the Beautiful or the Terrible Mother he has never shrunk from her whether in fear or in awe.
When the divine force flowed into him he has never feared to yield himself up to it and follow the infinite prompting, careless whither it led.
As a reward he has become the most perfect ādhāra of Shakti, the most capable and swiftly sensitive and responsive receptacle of the Infinite Will and Energy the world now holds.
Recently that Will and Energy has rushed into him and has been lifting him to the level of his future mission and destiny.
He has now to learn the secret of drawing the Mother of Strength into himself and holding her there in a secure possession.
That is why we have pointed to a religious and a spiritual awakening as the next necessity and the next inevitable development.
But along with his great possessions the Bengali has serious deficiencies.
In common with the rest of India he has a great deficiency of knowledge, the result of an education meagre in quantity and absolutely vicious in method and quality.
And he is inferior to other Indian races, such as the Madrasi and Maratha, in the capacity of calm, measured and comprehensive deliberation which is usually called intellect or reasoning power, and which, though it is far from the whole of thought, is essential to the completeness of thought and action.
By itself the logical or reasoning intellect creates the accurate and careful scholar, the sober critic, the rationalist and cautious politician, the conservative scientist, that great mass of human intelligence which makes for slow and careful progress.
It does not create the hero and the originator, the inspired prophet, the mighty builder, the maker of nations; it does not conquer nature and destiny, lay its hand on the future, command the world.
The rest of India is largely dominated by this faculty and limited by it, therefore it lags behind while Bengal rushes forward.
The rest of India has feared to deliver itself to the Power that came down from above to uplift the nation; it has either denied its call or made reservations and insisted on guiding it and reining it in.
A few 
mighty men have stridden forward and carried their race or a part of it with them, but the whole race must be infused with the spirit before it can be fit for the work of the future.
On his side the Bengali, while in no way limiting the divine inrush or shortening the Titan stride, must learn to see the way he is going while he treads it.
For want of a trained thought-power, he follows indeed the ideas that seize him, but he does not make them thoroughly his own.
He thinks them out, if at all, rapidly but not comprehensively, and, in consequence, though he has applied them with great energy to the circumstances immediately around him, a new set of circumstances finds him perplexed and waiting for a lead from the few men to whom he has been accustomed to look for the source of his thought and action.
This is a source of weakness.
For the work of the present, and still more, for the work of the future, it is imperatively necessary to create a centre of thought and knowledge which will revolutionise the brain of the nation to as great an extent as its character and outlook has been revolutionised.
A new heart was necessary for our civilisation, and, though the renovation is not complete, the work that has been done in that direction will ensure its own fulfilment.
A new brain is also needed, and sufficiency of knowledge for the new brain to do its work with thoroughness.