কর্তৃক [ kartṛka ] prep by.

কর্তৃকারক [ kartṛkāraka ] n (gr.) the nominative case.

কর্তৃত্ব [ kartṛtba ] n authority, rule; domination; act of bossing; state of being a boss. কর্তৃত্ব করা v. to rule; to control; to dominate; to boss. কর্তৃত্ব ফলানো v. to boss; to make other people feel one's authority. ̃ভার n. the burden of rule or manage ment. কর্তৃত্বাধীন a. under one's rule or management.

কর্তৃপক্ষ [ kartṛpakṣa ] n. pl the authorities.

কর্তৃপদ [ kartṛpada ] n (gr.) the nominative.

কর্তৃবর্গ [ kartṛbarga ] n. pl the authorities.

কর্তৃবাচ্য [ kartṛbācya ] n (gr.) the active voice.

কর্ত্রী [ kartrī ] fem of কর্তা ।

কর্দম [ kardama ] n gluey mud, slime; mire; sin. কর্দমাক্ত a. full of gluey mud, slimy; miry; turbid; sinful.

কর্নিক [ karnika ] n a trowel.

কর্পূর [ karpūra ] n camphor. কর্পূরের আরক spirit of camphor.

কর্বুর, কর্বূর [ karbura, karbūra ] n (myth.) one of an anthropo phagous race, a rakshas; an anthropophagite, a cannibal; sin. ☐ a. many-coloured, variegated with colours. ̃পতি n. Ravana (রাবণ) as mentioned in the Ramayana (রামায়ণ). কর্বুরিত, কর্বূরিত n. variegated with colours, many-coloured.

কর্ম [ karma ] n a work, an action, a deed, an ac tivity; a duty, a task; use, service (এ ঘড়ি কোনো কর্মের নয়); ceremony, a rite (ক্রিয়াকর্ম, শ্রাদ্ধকর্ম); profession; func tion; a purpose (কোন কর্মে এসেছ); ef fect, good result (এতে কর্ম হবে না) (gr.) an object. ̃কর্তা n. a supervisor or manager of an affair. ̃কর্তৃবাচ্য n. (gr.) the quasi-passive voice. ̃কাণ্ড n. a part of the Vedas dealing with rituals; ac tions; functions; ceremonies. ̃কারক n. a doer, a worker, a performer; (gr.) the objective or accusative case. ̃কারী a. of one who does or works or performs. ☐ n. a doer, a worker, a performer. ̃কুণ্ঠ a. averse to work, unwilling to work, lazy. ̃কুশল a. efficient, expert; adroit. ̃ক্লান্ত a. tired with work, fa tigued. ̃ক্ষম a. capable of working; able; active. ̃ক্ষমতা n. ability to work; working power. ̃ক্ষেত্র n. a field or sphere of activity; a place of work. ̃খালি n. situation vacant. ̃চারী n. an employee; an officer. ̃চ্যুত a. dis missed or removed from service; cashiered. ̃চ্যুতি n. dismissal or re moval from service; cashierment. ̃জীবন n. the period of life during which a person works, active part of one's life; service life; practical life. ̃জ্ঞ a. conversant with religious rites and duties. ̃ঠ a. active; hard-working; industrious. ̃ণ্য a. capable of working; able; active; serviceable. ̃ত্যাগ n. act of giving up a job, resignation; act of leaving or abandoing a work; retire ment from service. কর্ম ত্যাগ করা v. to give up a job, to resign; (rare) to retire from service. ̃দক্ষ a. efficient, expert; adroit. ̃দোষ crime or sin of evil-doing or wrong-doing; a sin; misfortune (esp. which is caused by one's evil doing or wrong-doing in this life or in a previ ous life). ̃ধারা n. same as কর্মপ্রণালী । ̃নাশা a. & n. one who or that which spoils or bungles a work or works. ˜নিয়োগ কেন্দ্র n. employment exchange. ̃নিষ্ঠ a. devoted to one's work; dutiful; industrious. ̃নিষ্ঠা n. devotion to work. ̃নীতি n. policy of action. ̃পঞ্জি, ̃পঞ্জী n. a case-book. ̃পথ n. path or field of work; line of action; active life. ̃পদ্ধতি, ̃প্রণালী n. method or system of work ing. ̃পন্হা n. course of action. ̃ফল n. consequences of one's actions (esp. of a previous life) that governs one's weal or woe. ̃বশত adv. on business. ̃বাচ্য n. (gr.) the passive voice. ̃বাদ n. the doctrine that action is the chief end of life or that for the final liberation of one's soul one has to resort to action (and not to thought or meditation alone), the doctrine of action. ̃বাদী a. preaching or obeying or inspired by the doctrine of action. ☐ n. one who preaches or obeys the doctrine of ac tion. ̃বিধি n. rules of action. ̃বিপাক n. consequences (now usu. evil ones) of one's action (esp. those governing one's weal or woe). ̃বীর n. an untiring worker; an uncommonly active person; a performer of great deeds; a great worker. ̃ভূমি n. the scene or field of one's action; the earthly life. ̃ভোগ n. enjoyment of pleasures or (more gener ally) suffering from the unpleasant con sequences of one's actions; fruitless suf fering or labour. ̃ময় a. full of actions; extremely active. ̃যোগ n. the system of purifying one's soul by means of action. ̃যোগী a. & n. one who practises this system; (fig.) one who works most sin cerely; one who works sincerely and re lentlessly. ̃রত a. engaged in work. ̃শালা n. a workshop; a smithy; an ate lier; a studio; a place of work or busi ness. ̃শীল a. possessing active habits; engaged in work; active; devoted to work. ̃শীলতা n. active habits; engage ment in work; fullness of activity; de votion to work. ̃সচিব n. a (chief) ex ecutive officer; a secretary. ̃সাক্ষী n. any of the natural elements who witness all actions; a witness of an act. ̃সাধন n. execution of a work or task, perfor mance or accomplishment of a deed. কর্ম সাধন করা v. to execute a work or task, to perform or accomplish a deed. ̃সাপেক্ষ a. depending on work or action. ̃সিদ্ধি n. success in or accomplishment of an undertaking. ̃সূচি n. programme of work; programme to be undertaken. ̃সূত্র a. the bond of action; the course of business. ̃সূত্রে adv. on business or in course of business. ̃স্হল, ̃স্হান same as কর্মক্ষেত্র । যেমন কর্ম তেমন ফল as you brew so you drink, as you sow so you reap. ̃হীন a. devoid of work; with no work on hand; without employment.

কর্মকার [ karmakāra ] n a blacksmith, an ironsmith; (rare) an ironmonger.

কর্মধারয় [ karmadhāraẏa ] n (gr.) a system of forming a compound word with an adjective and a noun.

কর্মপ্রবচনীয় [ karmaprabacanīẏa ] a. & n (gr.) prepositional.

কর্মাকর্ম [ karmākarma ] n. pl works useful and useless; deeds, and misdeeds.

কর্মাধীন [ karmādhīna ] a subject to the consequences of one's deeds (esp. those done in a previ ous existence).

কর্মাধ্যক্ষ [ karmādhyakṣa ] n a superintendent; a supervisor; an overseer; a workmaster.

কর্মানুবন্ধ [ karmānubandha ] n the course of business; neces sity caused by business.

কর্মানুরাগ, কর্মানুরক্তি [ karmānurāga, karmānurakti ] n devotion to work; love of work; diligence. কর্মানুরাগী, কর্মানুরক্ত a. devoted to work; diligent.

কর্মানুষ্ঠান [ karmānuṣṭhāna ] n performance of a work or cer emony. কর্মানুষ্ঠান করা v. to perform a work or ceremony.

কর্মানুসারে [ karmānusārē ] adv according to one's deeds or works (esp. those done in a previous existence).

কর্মান্তর [ karmāntara ] n another work or job; change of work or job.

কর্মাবসান [ karmābasāna ] n the end of the work. কর্মাবসানে adv. at the end of the work.

কর্মারম্ভ [ karmārambha ] n beginning of a work or cer emony, beginning of activities; begin ning of daily activities.

কর্মার্হ [ karmārha ] a suitable for (beginning) a work; serviceable; fit for work.

কর্মিষ্ঠ [ karmiṣṭha ] a very active; very much devoted to work; hard-working.

কর্মিসঙ্ঘ [ karmisaṅgha ] n trade union.

কর্মী [ karmī ] a able to work; efficient; employed (in a service or work); hard-working or full of activities (কর্মী পুরুষ); perform ing great deeds. ☐ n. a worker; an em ployee.

কর্মেন্দ্রিয় [ karmēndriẏa ] n any of the organs to work with (such as hands, legs, tongue etc.).

কর্মোদ্যম [ karmōdyama ] n enterprise; enthusiasm; effort, effortfulness.

কর্মোপলক্ষ্যে [ karmōpalakṣyē ] adv on business, for the sake of business.

কর্ষ¹ [ karṣa¹ ] n a measure of weight (=.8 oz or 227 gms).

কর্ষ², কর্ষণ [ karṣa², karṣaṇa ] n act of tilling; cultivation; act of drawing or attracting; attraction (বিপ্রকর্ষণ); act of pressing, pressure; act of rubbing (নিকষে কর্ষণ). কর্ষণ করা v. to till, to plough, to cultivate; to draw, to attract; to press; to rub. কর্ষক a. & n. one who or that which tills or attracts or presses or rubs. কর্ষণীয় a. ploughable, arable; attractable; that which can be pressed or rubbed; that which is to be ploughed or cultivated or drawn or attracted or pressed or rubbed. কর্ষিকা n. a tentacle. কর্ষিত a. ploughed, tilled, cultivated; drawn, at tracted; pressed; rubbed. কর্ষী a. attract ing; attractive.

কল¹ [ kala¹ ] n a sprout. কল হওয়া বা গজানো v. to germinate, to sprout.

কল² [ kala² ] n a call. কল দেওয়া v. to call in (as a doctor). কলে যাওয়া v. to attend a call.

কল³ [ kala³ ] n a machine; an engine; a device, a contrivance, an artifice; a lock (বাক্সের কল); (of a gun) a trigger or lock; a factory, a mill; a workshop, a means, a way (পরিত্রাণের কল জানা); a trap (ইঁদুরকল); a tactic, a stratagem. ̃কাঠি নাড়া v. to pull the string or wire, to ex ert hidden influence. ̃কৌশল n. a de vice. কল খাটানো v. to set a trap; to have recourse to a ploy or artifice. কল টেপা v. to advise or instigate secretly; to pull the wires, to intrigue. কল পাতা v. to set a trap. কলে-কৌশলে adv. by hook or crook; tactfully. কলে তৈরি a. mill made; machine-made. কলের গাড়ি a steam-engine; a railway train; an auto mobile. কলের গান a gramophone. কলের জল tap-water. কলের জাহাজ a steamship, a steamer. কলের পুতুল a spring-doll, a marionette, a puppet; (fig.) a person who acts just as one directs him. কলের মানুষ (fig.) a person who acts just as one directs him, a puppet; a person without free will or personality. কলের মজুর a mill-hand.

কল⁴ [ kala⁴ ] n a low sweet and indistinct sound, a sweet murmur; warble (of birds); babble (of streams). ☐ a. (of sound) sweet low and indistinct. ̃কণ্ঠ a. mak ing a sweet low and indistinct sound; sweetly murmuring; warbling; bab bling; sweet-voiced, sweet-toned; (fig.) composing sweet poems (কলকণ্ঠ কবি). fem. কলকণ্ঠী । ̃কল, ̃কলানি n. repeated sweet murmur or babble or warble, (usu. coll.) rapid loud talk. ̃কল করা ̃কলানো v. to murmur or babble or warble sweetly or repeatedly; (usu. coll.) to talk rapidly and loudly. ̃ঘোষ n. the cuckoo. ̃তান n. a sweet note. ̃ধ্বনি, ̃নাদ same as কল⁴ (n.). ̃নাদী a. making a low sweet and indistinct sound, murmuring or babbling or war bling sweetly. fem. কলনাদিনী । ̃রব, ̃রোল n. confused loud noise as made by a multitude of people shouting and talking at a time, an uproar, a hullaba loo, tumult. ̃স্বন, ̃স্বর n. a low sweet and indistinct sound or voice, a sweet murmur or babble. ☐ a. murmuring or babbling sweetly. fem. কলস্বনা । ̃হংস n. the swan, the gander (fem. the goose); a small aquatic bird akin to the sand piper. fem. কলহংসী । ̃হাস, ̃হাস্য n. a gentle articulate smile with a sweet cackling noise. n. fem. ̃হাসিনী one who smiles gently with a sweet cackling noise. ̃হাস্য করা v. to laugh cacklingly.

কলকবজা [ kalakabajā ] n. pl machinery.

কলকা [ kalakā ] n leafy decoration; decorative em broidery in the borders of a sari, shawl etc. ̃দার a. decorated with leafy de signs; embroidered. ̃পাড়, ̃পেড়ে a. having an embroidered border.

কলকারখানা [ kalakārakhānā ] n. pl mills and workshops.

কলগি, কলগা [ kalagi, kalagā ] n a head-dress, a headgear; a turban; a cock on the top of a head dress.

কলঘর [ kalaghara ] n a machine-room (of a factory); a bathroom.

কলঙ্ক [ kalaṅka ] n a spot, a mark; a stain; a sullying mark, tarnish; rust, verdigris; disrepute, disgrace; a taint; a stigma; a disgraceful incident, a scandal. ̃কর, ̃জনক a. dis graceful; scandalous. ̃ভঞ্জন n. act of clearing a person of disrepute, restora tion of one's good repute. কলঙ্ক ভঞ্জন করা v. to clear a person of disrepute. ̃ভয় n. fear of scandal or ill fame. কলঙ্ক রটানো v. to traduce. কলঙ্কিত, কলঙ্কী a. sullied, tainted; tarnished; rusted; of ill repute, disreputable, stigmatized; un chaste. fem. কলঙ্কিতা, কলঙ্কিনী ।

কলতানি [ kalatāni ] n morbid watery secretion from a wound or sepsis.

কলত্র [ kalatra ] n wife.

কলধৌত [ kaladhauta ] n gold; silver.

কলন [ kalana ] n calculation (ব্যবকলন, সমাকলন); compilation (সংকলন); act of receiving, receipt.

কলপ [ kalapa ] n a dye for grey hair; starch.

কলভ [ kalabha ] n a young elephant.

কলম¹ [ kalama¹ ] n a column of a newspaper, a book etc.

কলম² [ kalama² ] n a plant grown by grafting; a prism (বাতি-ঝাড়ের কলম). কলম করা v. to grow a plant by grafting, to graft.

কলম³ [ kalama³ ] n a pen. কলম কাটা, কলম বাড়া v. to mend a pen. কলম চালানো v. to wield a pen; to write. ̃দান, ̃দানি n. a small tray or stand for keeping pens, a pen case, a pen-stand. কলম পেশা v. (dero.) to work as a clerk. কলমপেশা n. clerk ship; quill-driving, pen-pushing. ☐ a. clerical. ̃বাজ n. (dero.) an expert writer. ̃বাজি n. (dero.) useless writing. কলমের এক খোঁচায় with a stroke of the pen.

কলমচি [ kalamaci ] n an amanuensis; a scribe, a copyist.

কলমা [ kalamā ] n any of the principal words of an Islamic prayer. কলমা পড়া v. to pray ac cording to the Islamic scriptures.

কলমি [ kalami ] n an edible aquatic plant (cp. Kalmia).

কলম্ব [ kalamba ] n an arrow; a variety of flower or its tree; a stalk of spinach. ̃পত্রাকার a. hastate; triangular like the head of a spear.

কলস, কলসি [ kalasa, kalasi ] n a pitcher made of earth or metal. কলসাকার a. urceolate, pitcher shaped.

কলহ [ kalaha ] n a quarrel, a brawl; a dispute, a contention; a strife. কলহ বাধানো v. to engage or cause to engage in quarrel; to kick up a row; to set (persons) by the ears. কলহ করা v. to quarrel; to dis pute, to contend; to strive, to conflict. ̃প্রিয় a. fond of quarrels, quarrelsome. fem. ̃প্রিয়া । কলহান্তরিতা n. a woman who dismisses her lover after a quarrel and suffers severe mental pain.

কলা¹ [ kalā¹ ] n the plantain, the banana; (coll.) nothing, a mare's nest (তুমি আমার কলা করবে) কলা করা v. (coll.) to be able to do nothing or to be able to do no harm. কলা খাওয়া v. (lit.) to eat a ba nana; (coll.) to fail in an attempt. ̃গাছ n. a banana tree. কলা দেখানো v. (lit.) to show a plantain; to raise and show one's thumb defiantly or disdainfully; to deceive, to cheat, to befool, to hoodwink; to bite the thumb, to defy. কলাপোড়া খাওয়া v. (lit.) to eat a burnt banana; (coll.) to fail or be disap pointed utterly. কলাবউ, কলাবৌ n. a young banana-plant dressed as a mar ried lady and conceived as a female deity worshipped by Hindus; (loos.) wife of God Ganesha (গণেশ); (euph.) a woman with a long veil or an awk wardly bashful woman. কলার কাঁদি a cluster of plantains. কলার খোলা the curved bark of a banana-tree. কলার ছড়া a bunch of bananas, a row of plan tains. কলার বাসনা the dried-up bark of a banana-tree.

কলা² [ kalā² ] n one-sixteenth part of the moon, a lunar digit; (astro.) any of the minut est divisions of the zodiac, (of the cir cumference of a circle) a minute; a measure of time (=8 seconds); a very small point of time, a moment; a whit, a bit; (anat.) a tissue; an art; a fine art; the sixty-four varieties of fine arts taken collectively; efficiency in fine arts; skill, adroitness; tact. ̃কার n. an artist; an artisan. ̃কুশল a. versed in all the sixty-four varieties of fine arts; skilled in fine arts. ̃কৌশল n. artistic skill; artifice. ̃তন্ত্র n. (anat.) the tissue system. ̃ধর, ̃নিধি n. an appellation of Shiva (শিব); the moon. ̃বত্ a. & n. one who is versed in the classical vocal music. fem. কলাবতী । ˜বিদ্যা n. arts; fine arts. ̃বিভাগ n. the department of arts (e. g. in a university). ̃ভবন n. a build ing or room for the culture of arts and crafts; a picture gallery; an opera-house; a studio. ̃ভৃত্ n. an appellation of Shiva (শিব); the moon; an artist; an artiste. ̃স্হান n. histology.

কলাই¹ [ kalāi¹ ] n enamel; enamelling; tinning; plating. কলাই-করা a. enamelled; tinned; plated. কলাই করা v. to enamel; to tin; to plate. কলাইয়ের বাসনকোসন enamelware. কলাই চটে যাওয়া (of utensils) to lose one's enamel.

কলাই² [ kalāi² ] n any of the varieties of legumi nous seeds yielding pigeon-pea or pulses; bean. ̃শুঁটি n. pea-legume.

কলাদ [ kalāda ] n a goldsmith.

কলাপ [ kalāpa ] n an ornament esp. one worn round the waist; a peacock's tail; a col lection, a multitude (ক্রিয়াকলাপ). কলাপী n. the peacock. fem. কলাপিনী the pea hen.

কলার [ kalāra ] n a collar. কলার তোলা v. to turn up one's collar.

কলালাপ¹ [ kalālāpa¹ ] n a sweet low and indistinct sound; a pleasant (and usu. amorous) tete-a-tete; a bumble-bee.

কলালাপ² [ kalālāpa² ] n a discussion about fine arts.

কলি¹ [ kali¹ ] n the fourth or last age of creation according to Hindu scriptures (কলিযুগ কলিকাল); the presiding deity of this age (also কলিদেব, কলিদেবতা). ঘোর কলি an age full of sins, an infernal age. কলির সন্ধ্যা, কলির শেষ creation ap proaching final annihilation; (fig.) utter peril.

কলি² [ kali² ] n a bud; a shingling style of hair dressing, shingle; the Vaishnavic (বৈষ্ণবীয়) style of painting one's face with sandal-paste (রসকলি); a line of a verse or a song.

কলি³ [ kali³ ] n whitewash, limewash. কলি করা, কলি ধরানো, কলি ফেরানো v. to white wash.

কলিকা¹ [ kalikā¹ ] n a bud.

কলিঙ্গ [ kaliṅga ] n Orissa including the Dravidian region on its south.

কলিচুন [ kalicuna ] n unslaked lime, quicklime.

কলিত [ kalita ] a calculated; computed; received.

কলিল [ kalila ] a dense; mixed, compounded; adulterated.

কলু [ kalu ] n an oil-man (esp. by caste). fem. কলুনি । কলুর বলদ (fig.) a person who blindly and mechanically drudges and undergoes extreme hardships for others but without any profit for him self.

কলুষ [ kaluṣa ] n a sin or guilt; a fault; defilement; soil, sully. ̃নাশন a. washing away or purifying a sin or guilt or fault. ̃নাশিনী a. fem. of কলুষনাশন । n. an appellation of Goddess Kali (কালী). কলুষিত a. sin ful, guilty, defiled; soiled; vitiated.

কলেজ [ kalēja ] n a college. কলেজি শিক্ষা n. college education.

কলেবর [ kalēbara ] n the body; the shape or form.

কলেরা [ kalērā ] n cholera.

কল্ক [ kalka ] n deposit of any liquid, dregs, sedi ment; a sin.

কল্কি¹ [ kalki¹ ] n the tenth and the last incarna tion of Vishnu (বিষ্ণু) expected to take place in the Kaliyuga (কলিযুগ). ̃পুরাণ n. the name of the scripture announc ing and giving an account of this in carnation.

কল্প¹ [ kalpa¹ ] sfx almost, resembling (মৃতকল্প).

কল্প² [ kalpa² ] n one of the principal and most an cient Hindu scriptures forming a part of the Vedic literature (also কল্পসূত্র); one whole day of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা) amounting to 432, years (কল্পান্তে); universal annihilation; a scriptural direction (নবম্যাদি কল্প); a ritual rule or a holy time (কল্পারম্ভ); ob ject, aim (রক্ষাকল্পে); resolution (দৃঢ়কল্প); a side or party (মুখ্যকল্প). ̃তরু, ̃দ্রুম, ̃বৃক্ষ n. a (mythological) wish ing-tree; (fig.) an extremely liberal and generous person. ̃লতা n. a paradisia cal creeper. ̃লোক n. a fancied land where everything is good and avail able, a dreamland, a Utopia, Elysium. কল্পান্ত n. end or termination of one whole day of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা); universal annihilation. কল্পান্তর n. another whole day and night of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা). কল্পান্তস্হায়ী a. everlasting, eternal. কল্পারম্ভ n. beginning or commencement of a day of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা); commencement of a holy tide.

কল্পক [ kalpaka ] a one who or that which imagines or composes or plans or ascribes.

কল্পন [ kalpana ] n act of inventing or imagining or fancying or ascribing or resolving or thinking or supposing. কল্পনা n. inven tion; imagination; fancy; ascription; re solve; thought; supposition. কল্পনা করা v. to invent; to devise; to imagine; to fancy; to ascribe; to resolve; to think; to suppose. কল্পনাকারী a. inventing or devising; imagining; fancying; ascrib ing; resolving; thinking; supposing. ☐ n. an inventor, a deviser; one who imagines; a fancier; one who ascribes; one who resolves, a thinker; one who supposes. কল্পনাচিত্র n. picturesque imagination; an imaginary portrait. কল্পনাত্মক a. actuated by or existing in imagination, imaginative, imaginary. কল্পনাপ্রবণ a. given to imagination. কল্পণাপ্রবণ ব্যক্তি an imaginative person. কল্পনাপ্রসূত a. imaginary; fancied. কল্পনাবিলাসী a. overindulging in imagi nation; vapoury. কল্পনাশক্তি n. imagina tive power, faculty of imagination. কল্পনীয় a. devisable; imaginable; that which can be fancied; ascribable; thinkable; supposable.

কল্পিত [ kalpita ] a invented, contrived, devised; imagined, fancied; ascribed; resolved; thought (out); supposed; created, com posed; fanciful; imaginary.

কল্পী [ kalpī ] a (chiefly used as a sfx.) inventing, contriving, devising; imagining, fancy ing; ascribing; resolving; thinking; supposing; creating; composing.

কল্প্য [ kalpya ] a contrivable, devisable; imagin able; that which can be fancied; ascrib able; thinkable; supposable; prescrib able; proper.

কল্মষ [ kalmaṣa ] n filth, dirt; sin, guilt. ☐ a. filthy, dirty; sinful, guilty.

কল্যাণ [ kalyāṇa ] n welfare, good, benefit; well-be ing; prosperity; an Indian musical mode. ☐ a. happy; doing good, benefi cial benefactory; giving prosperity; favourable. কল্যাণী a. & n. fem. of কল্যাণ । কল্যাণীয় a. one (usu. a junior fellow) whose well-being is or should be wished. fem. কল্যাণীয়া । ˜কর, ̃প্রদ a. doing good, beneficial, benefactory; giving prosperity. ̃বর, ̃বরেষু to you or him who deserves (my) good wishes; a form of address in a letter, a younger person deserving affection. fem. কল্যাণীয়াসু । ̃ময় a. beneficent, al truistic; benevolent; benignant, gra cious. fem. কল্যাণময়ী ।

কল্লোল [ kallōla ] n a roaring wave; a billow; great joy or delight; a loud confused noise, an uproar. কল্লোলিত a. full of roaring waves; billowy; full of great joy or de light; full of loud confused noise. কল্লোলিনী n. fem. a river.

কশ [ kaśa ] n the corner of the mouth; the jaw; the corresponding part of the jaw in side the mouth. কশের দাঁত a molar tooth, a molar.

কশা [ kaśā ] n a whip, a lash. ☐ v. to whip, to lash; to strike. ̃ঘাত n. whipping, lash ing. কশাঘাত করা v. to whip, to lash, to flog.

কশা়ড় [ kaśā়ḍ় ] n a very tall species of grass.

কশানো [ kaśānō ] v to whip, to slash, to flog; to beat. আচ্ছা দু ঘা কশানো to give a sound thrashing or drubbing, to drub.

কশিদা [ kaśidā ] n embroidery.

কশেরু [ kaśēru ] n the backbone, the spine, the ver tebral column. কশেরুক a. vertebrate. ☐ n. vertebral bone, the backbone. কশেরুকা n. the vertebral bone, the back bone; a vertebra.

কষ [ kaṣa ] n a kind of astringent juice of some plants (কলার কষ); stain caused by this juice (কষ লাগা); tannin; touchstone.

কষটে [ kaṣaṭē ] a same as কষাটে । see কষা² ।

কষন¹ [ kaṣana¹ ] n act of rubbing or itching; act of trying gold and other metals on a touchstone; tanning.

কষন² [ kaṣana² ] n tightening; act of fastening tightly; act of singeing (meat, fish etc.) in oil or fat and with spices; tanning; act of working out a mathematical sum.

কষা² [ kaṣā² ] a astringent; tight; strict, severe; niggardly, close-fisted; constipative (কষা ধাত); (of meat, fish etc.) signed in oil or fat and with spices. ☐ v. to try (gold etc.) on a streak-plate; to work out (a mathematical sum); to calculate (price etc.); to singe (meat, fish etc.) in oil or fat and with spices; to tighten; to bind tightly; to tan (hides); to make as tringent. ̃কষি n. unswerving enforce ment of rule, law etc; rigour, strict ness; act of tightening; tugging and counter-tugging; higgling (দরকষাকষি); strained state, estrangement (মনকষা কষি). কষাকষি করা v. to enforce strict ness or rigour; to tighten; to contest or try laboriously. দর কষাকষি করা v. to higgle, to chaffer. মন কষাকষি করা v. to estrange oneself (from); to quarrel (with). কষানো v. to singe meat; to tan (hides). কষাটে a. slightly astringent; (fig.) divested of taste or flavour; (fig.) loathsome, disgusting. কষা মাংস n. singed meat; meat cooked with oil and spices.

কষায় [ kaṣāẏa ] n bitter or astringent juice or taste; tannic taste; tannin; decoction; dull red colour. ☐ a. of bitter or astringent taste; or tannic taste; dull red; reddish; dyed (esp. in red.) কষায়িত a. slightly reddened (রোষকষায়িত); dyed.

কষি [ kaṣi ] n a straight line drawn with a pen or pencil; a punctuation mark used in Bengali in place of a full stop; the part of the loincloth which is tied round the waist; a tender stone of green mango.

কষিত [ kaṣita ] n tried on a streak-plate; tried on a streak-plate and found perfectly pure (কষিত কাঞ্চন).

কষুটে [ kaṣuṭē ] a same as কষাটে ।

কষে বাঁধা [ kaṣē bān̐dhā ] v. & n to fasten or fastening very tightly.

কষ্ট [ kaṣṭa ] n grief, sorrow; trouble, difficulty; pain, suffering; labour, hard effort, toil (কষ্টার্জিত); hardship; want, privation. কষ্ট করা v. to labour hard, to endeavour laboriously, to toil; to take trouble, to take pains; to undergo hardships; to suffer. কষ্ট দেওয়া v. to give trouble, to put to difficulty; to put to inconve nience; to oppress, to cause suffering (to), to distress; to pain; to grieve. কষ্ট পাওয়া v. to get into trouble, to be in dif ficulty; to suffer (from); to be op pressed or distressed; to feel pain; to grieve (for, at); to be moved with pity or sympathy. ̃কর a. difficult, hard; troublesome; laborious, toilsome; pain ful; distressing; oppressive, vexatious. ̃কল্পনা n. a far-fetched or forced or laboured concept or thought. ̃কল্পিত a. far-fetched, forced. ̃দায়ক same as কষ্টকর । ̃ভোগ n. suffering. কষ্টভোগ করা v. to suffer. ̃সহ, ̃সহিষ্ণু a. painstak ing; able to undergo hardships, inured to hardships. ̃সাধ্য same as কষ্টকর ।

কষ্টার্জিত [ kaṣṭārjita ] a hard-earned (কষ্টার্জিত অর্থ).

কষ্টি [ kaṣṭi ] n act of trying or testing (gold etc.) on a touchstone; a touchstone. ̃পাথর n. touchstone. কষ্টিপাথরে যাচাই করা v. to try or test the purity (of gold etc.) by rubbing on a touchstone; to assay (metals).

কষ্টেসৃষ্টে [ kaṣṭēsṛṣṭē ] adv with considerable or great difficulty. কষ্টেসৃষ্টে চালানো v. to manage with difficulty; to contrive to live on a small income.

কসবা [ kasabā ] n a large and prosperous village with many advantages of a town (cp. township); a suburb.