Rig Veda. Mandala 1. Sukta 18

1. Info

To:		1-3: brahmaṇaspati; 4: indra, brahmaṇaspati, soma; 5: indra, dakṣiṇā, brahmaṇaspati, soma; 6-8: sadasaspati; 9: sadasaspati or narāśaṃsa
From:		medhātithi kāṇva
Metres:		gāyatrī

2. Audio

▪ by South Indian brahmins
▪ by Sri Shyama Sundara Sharma and Sri Satya Krishna Bhatta. Recorded by © 2012 Sriranga Digital Software Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Samhita Devanagari Accented

सो॒मानं॒ स्वर॑णं कृणु॒हि ब्र॑ह्मणस्पते ।

क॒क्षीवं॑तं॒ य औ॑शि॒जः ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

सोमानं स्वरणं कृणुहि ब्रह्मणस्पते ।

कक्षीवंतं य औशिजः ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

सो॒मान॑म् । स्वर॑णम् । कृ॒णु॒हि । ब्र॒ह्म॒णः॒ । प॒ते॒ ।

क॒क्षीव॑न्तम् । यः । औ॒शि॒जः ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

सोमानम् । स्वरणम् । कृणुहि । ब्रह्मणः । पते ।

कक्षीवन्तम् । यः । औशिजः ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

somā́nam ǀ sváraṇam ǀ kṛṇuhí ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ pate ǀ

kakṣī́vantam ǀ yáḥ ǀ auśijáḥ ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

somānam ǀ svaraṇam ǀ kṛṇuhi ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ pate ǀ

kakṣīvantam ǀ yaḥ ǀ auśijaḥ ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

O Master ← ^[5] pate (noun M-V single) ← pati

of wisdom-word ← ^[4] brahmaṇaḥ (noun N-G single) ← brahman

do make ← ^[3] kṛṇuhi (verb Present Imperative Active single 2nd) ← kṛ

Kakshivat ← ^[6] kakṣīvantam (noun M-Ac single) ← kakṣīvat

who {is} ← ^[7] yaḥ (pronoun M-N single) ← yad

the son of Ushij ← ^[8] auśijaḥ (noun M-N single) ← auśija

a loud-sounding ← ^[2] svaraṇam (noun M-Ac single) ← svaraṇa

presser of Soma ← ^[1] somānam (noun M-Ac single) ← soman

Samhita Devanagari Accented

यो रे॒वान्यो अ॑मीव॒हा व॑सु॒वित्पु॑ष्टि॒वर्ध॑नः ।

स नः॑ सिषक्तु॒ यस्तु॒रः ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

यो रेवान्यो अमीवहा वसुवित्पुष्टिवर्धनः ।

स नः सिषक्तु यस्तुरः ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

यः । रे॒वान् । यः । अ॒मी॒व॒ऽहा । व॒सु॒ऽवित् । पु॒ष्टि॒ऽवर्ध॑नः ।

सः । नः॒ । सि॒स॒क्तु॒ । यः । तु॒रः ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

यः । रेवान् । यः । अमीवऽहा । वसुऽवित् । पुष्टिऽवर्धनः ।

सः । नः । सिसक्तु । यः । तुरः ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

yáḥ ǀ revā́n ǀ yáḥ ǀ amīva-hā́ ǀ vasu-vít ǀ puṣṭi-várdhanaḥ ǀ

sáḥ ǀ naḥ ǀ sisaktu ǀ yáḥ ǀ turáḥ ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

yaḥ ǀ revān ǀ yaḥ ǀ amīva-hā ǀ vasu-vit ǀ puṣṭi-vardhanaḥ ǀ

saḥ ǀ naḥ ǀ sisaktu ǀ yaḥ ǀ turaḥ ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

He {Brahmanaspati} ← ^[7] saḥ (pronoun M-N single 3rd) ← sa

who is ← ^[1] yaḥ (pronoun M-N single) ← yad

opulent ← ^[2] revān (noun M-N single) ← revat

who is ← ^[10] yaḥ (pronoun M-N single) ← yad

swift ← ^[11] turaḥ (noun M-N single) ← tura

who is ← ^[3] yaḥ (pronoun M-N single) ← yad

a destroyer of grief ← ^[4] amīva-hā (noun M-N single) ← amīvahan

finding wealth ← ^[5] vasu-vit (noun M-N single) ← vasuvid

increasing our growth ← ^[6] puṣṭi-vardhanaḥ (noun M-N single) ← puṣṭivardhana

let {him} cleave ← ^[9] sisaktu = sajatu (verb Imperative Active single 3rd) ← saj

to us ← ^[8] naḥ (pronoun Ac plural 1st) ← vayam

Samhita Devanagari Accented

मा नः॒ शंसो॒ अर॑रुषो धू॒र्तिः प्रण॒ङ्मर्त्य॑स्य ।

रक्षा॑ णो ब्रह्मणस्पते ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

मा नः शंसो अररुषो धूर्तिः प्रणङ्मर्त्यस्य ।

रक्षा णो ब्रह्मणस्पते ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

मा । नः॒ । शंसः॑ । अर॑रुषः । धू॒र्तिः । प्रण॑क् । मर्त्य॑स्य ।

रक्ष॑ । नः॒ । ब्र॒ह्म॒णः॒ । प॒ते॒ ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

मा । नः । शंसः । अररुषः । धूर्तिः । प्रणक् । मर्त्यस्य ।

रक्ष । नः । ब्रह्मणः । पते ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

mā́ ǀ naḥ ǀ śáṃsaḥ ǀ áraruṣaḥ ǀ dhūrtíḥ ǀ práṇak ǀ mártyasya ǀ

rákṣa ǀ naḥ ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ pate ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

mā ǀ naḥ ǀ śaṃsaḥ ǀ araruṣaḥ ǀ dhūrtiḥ ǀ praṇak ǀ martyasya ǀ

rakṣa ǀ naḥ ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ pate ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

Let not ← ^[1] mā (indeclinable word; particle)

the self-expression <here – a curse> ← ^[3] śaṃsaḥ (noun M-N single) ← śaṃsa

of the not-giving ← ^[4] araruṣaḥ (noun N-G single) ← ararivas

the harm ← ^[5] dhūrtiḥ (noun F-N single) ← dhūrti

of the mortal ← ^[7] martyasya (noun M-G single) ← martya

reach ← ^[6] praṇak (verb Aorist single 3rd) ← praṇaś

us ← ^[2] naḥ (pronoun Ac plural 1st) ← vayam

do protect ← ^[8] rakṣa (verb Present Imperative Active single 2nd) ← rakṣ

us ← ^[9] naḥ (pronoun Ac plural 1st) ← vayam

O Master ← ^[11] pate (noun M-V single) ← pati

of wisdom-word ← ^[10] brahmaṇaḥ (noun N-G single) ← brahman

Samhita Devanagari Accented

स घा॑ वी॒रो न रि॑ष्यति॒ यमिंद्रो॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पतिः॑ ।

सोमो॑ हि॒नोति॒ मर्त्यं॑ ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

स घा वीरो न रिष्यति यमिंद्रो ब्रह्मणस्पतिः ।

सोमो हिनोति मर्त्यं ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

सः । घ॒ । वी॒रः । न । रि॒ष्य॒ति॒ । यम् । इन्द्रः॑ । ब्रह्म॑णः । पतिः॑ ।

सोमः॑ । हि॒नोति॑ । मर्त्य॑म् ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

सः । घ । वीरः । न । रिष्यति । यम् । इन्द्रः । ब्रह्मणः । पतिः ।

सोमः । हिनोति । मर्त्यम् ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

sáḥ ǀ gha ǀ vīráḥ ǀ ná ǀ riṣyati ǀ yám ǀ índraḥ ǀ bráhmaṇaḥ ǀ pátiḥ ǀ

sómaḥ ǀ hinóti ǀ mártyam ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

saḥ ǀ gha ǀ vīraḥ ǀ na ǀ riṣyati ǀ yam ǀ indraḥ ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ patiḥ ǀ

somaḥ ǀ hinoti ǀ martyam ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

Surely ← ^[2] gha (indeclinable word; adverb)

he ← ^[1] saḥ (pronoun M-N single 3rd) ← sa

the hero ← ^[3] vīraḥ (noun M-N single) ← vīra

does not ← ^[4] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)

receive harm ← ^[5] riṣyati (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← riṣ

whom ← ^[6] yam (pronoun M-Ac single) ← yad

Indra ← ^[7] indraḥ (noun M-N single) ← indra

the Lord ← ^[9] patiḥ (noun M-N single) ← pati

of wisdom-word (ййййййBrahmanaspati) ← ^[8] brahmaṇaḥ (noun N-G single) ← brahman

soma ← ^[10] somaḥ (noun M-N single) ← soma

moves ← ^[11] hinoti (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← hi

that mortal ← ^[12] martyam (noun M-Ac single) ← martya

Samhita Devanagari Accented

त्वं तं ब्र॑ह्मणस्पते॒ सोम॒ इंद्र॑श्च॒ मर्त्यं॑ ।

दक्षि॑णा पा॒त्वंह॑सः ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

त्वं तं ब्रह्मणस्पते सोम इंद्रश्च मर्त्यं ।

दक्षिणा पात्वंहसः ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

त्वम् । तम् । ब्र॒ह्म॒णः॒ । प॒ते॒ । सोमः॑ । इन्द्रः॑ । च॒ । मर्त्य॑म् ।

दक्षि॑णा । पा॒तु॒ । अंह॑सः ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

त्वम् । तम् । ब्रह्मणः । पते । सोमः । इन्द्रः । च । मर्त्यम् ।

दक्षिणा । पातु । अंहसः ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

tvám ǀ tám ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ pate ǀ sómaḥ ǀ índraḥ ǀ ca ǀ mártyam ǀ

dákṣiṇā ǀ pātu ǀ áṃhasaḥ ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

tvam ǀ tam ǀ brahmaṇaḥ ǀ pate ǀ somaḥ ǀ indraḥ ǀ ca ǀ martyam ǀ

dakṣiṇā ǀ pātu ǀ aṃhasaḥ ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

O Master ← ^[4] pate (noun M-V single) ← pati

of wisdom-word ← ^[3] brahmaṇaḥ (noun N-G single) ← brahman

Soma ← ^[5] somaḥ (noun M-N single) ← soma

and ← ^[7] ca (indeclinable word; copulative)

Indra ← ^[6] indraḥ (noun M-N single) ← indra

Dakshina-Discrimination ← ^[9] dakṣiṇā (noun F-N single)

mayest ← ^[10] pātu (verb Present Imperative Active single 3rd) ← pā

thou ← ^[1] tvam (pronoun M-N single 2nd) ← tva

protect ← ^[10] pātu (verb Present Imperative Active single 3rd) ← pā

that ← ^[2] tam (pronoun M-Ac single 3rd)

mortal ← ^[8] martyam (noun M-Ac single) ← martya

from harm ← ^[11] aṃhasaḥ (noun N-Ab single) ← aṃhas

Samhita Devanagari Accented

सद॑स॒स्पति॒मद्भु॑तं प्रि॒यमिंद्र॑स्य॒ काम्यं॑ ।

स॒निं मे॒धाम॑यासिषं ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

सदसस्पतिमद्भुतं प्रियमिंद्रस्य काम्यं ।

सनिं मेधामयासिषं ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

सद॑सः । पति॑म् । अद्भु॑तम् । प्रि॒यम् । इन्द्र॑स्य । काम्य॑म् ।

स॒निम् । मे॒धाम् । अ॒या॒सि॒ष॒म् ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

सदसः । पतिम् । अद्भुतम् । प्रियम् । इन्द्रस्य । काम्यम् ।

सनिम् । मेधाम् । अयासिषम् ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

sádasaḥ ǀ pátim ǀ ádbhutam ǀ priyám ǀ índrasya ǀ kā́myam ǀ

saním ǀ medhā́m ǀ ayāsiṣam ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

{ I } went ← ^[9] ayāsiṣam (verb Aorist Active single 1st) ← yā

to the wonderful ← ^[3] adbhutam (noun M-Ac single) ← adbhuta

beloved ← ^[4] priyam (noun M-Ac single) ← priya

and desirable ← ^[6] kāmyam (noun M-Ac single) ← kāmya

Lord ← ^[2] patim (noun M-Ac single) ← pati

of the house ← ^[1] sadasaḥ (noun N-G single) ← sadas

of Indra ← ^[5] indrasya (noun M-G single) ← indra

for achievement ← ^[7] sanim (noun F-Ac single) ← sani

of wisdom ← ^[8] medhām (noun F-Ac single) ← medhā

Samhita Devanagari Accented

यस्मा॑दृ॒ते न सिध्य॑ति य॒ज्ञो वि॑प॒श्चित॑श्च॒न ।

स धी॒नां योग॑मिन्वति ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

यस्मादृते न सिध्यति यज्ञो विपश्चितश्चन ।

स धीनां योगमिन्वति ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

यस्मा॑त् । ऋ॒ते । न । सिध्य॑ति । य॒ज्ञः । वि॒पः॒ऽचितः॑ । च॒न ।

सः । धी॒नाम् । योग॑म् । इ॒न्व॒ति॒ ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

यस्मात् । ऋते । न । सिध्यति । यज्ञः । विपःऽचितः । चन ।

सः । धीनाम् । योगम् । इन्वति ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

yásmāt ǀ ṛté ǀ ná ǀ sídhyati ǀ yajñáḥ ǀ vipaḥ-cítaḥ ǀ caná ǀ

sáḥ ǀ dhīnā́m ǀ yógam ǀ invati ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

yasmāt ǀ ṛte ǀ na ǀ sidhyati ǀ yajñaḥ ǀ vipaḥ-citaḥ ǀ cana ǀ

saḥ ǀ dhīnām ǀ yogam ǀ invati ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

Without whom ← ^[1] yasmāt (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)

the sacrifice ← ^[5] yajñaḥ (noun M-N single) ← yajña

even ← ^[7] cana (indeclinable word; particle)

of illumined in consciousness ← ^[6] vipaḥ-citaḥ (noun M-G single) ← vipaścit

does not ← ^[3] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)

come to fulfilment ← ^[4] sidhyati (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← sidh

in the Truth ← ^[2] ṛte (noun M-L single) ← ṛta

{it is} he ← ^[8] saḥ (pronoun M-N single 3rd) ← sa

{who} has power over ← ^[11] invati (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← inv

the yoking ← ^[10] yogam (noun M-Ac single) ← yoga

of thoughts ← ^[9] dhīnām (noun F-G plural) ← dhī

Samhita Devanagari Accented

आदृ॑ध्नोति ह॒विष्कृ॑तिं॒ प्रांचं॑ कृणोत्यध्व॒रं ।

होत्रा॑ दे॒वेषु॑ गच्छति ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

आदृध्नोति हविष्कृतिं प्रांचं कृणोत्यध्वरं ।

होत्रा देवेषु गच्छति ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

आत् । ऋ॒ध्नो॒ति॒ । ह॒विःऽकृ॑तिम् । प्राञ्च॑म् । कृ॒णो॒ति॒ । अ॒ध्व॒रम् ।

होत्रा॑ । दे॒वेषु॑ । ग॒च्छ॒ति॒ ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

आत् । ऋध्नोति । हविःऽकृतिम् । प्राञ्चम् । कृणोति । अध्वरम् ।

होत्रा । देवेषु । गच्छति ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

ā́t ǀ ṛdhnoti ǀ havíḥ-kṛtim ǀ prā́ñcam ǀ kṛṇoti ǀ adhvarám ǀ

hótrā ǀ devéṣu ǀ gacchati ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

āt ǀ ṛdhnoti ǀ haviḥ-kṛtim ǀ prāñcam ǀ kṛṇoti ǀ adhvaram ǀ

hotrā ǀ deveṣu ǀ gacchati ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

so ← ^[1] āt (indeclinable word; adverb, copulative)

{it is he who} accomplishes ← ^[2] ṛdhnoti (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← ṛdh

preparation of the offering (composing of hymn) ← ^[3] haviḥ-kṛtim (noun F-Ac single) ← haviṣkṛti

makes ← ^[5] kṛṇoti (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← kṛ

a traveling sacrifice ← ^[6] adhvaram (noun M-Ac single) ← adhvara

moving forward ← ^[4] prāñcam (noun M-Ac single) ← prāñc

goes ← ^[9] gacchati (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← gam

with priest calling {the gods} (Agni) ← ^[7] hotrā (noun M-I single) ← hotṛ

in the gods ← ^[8] deveṣu (noun M-L plural) ← deva

Samhita Devanagari Accented

नरा॒शंसं॑ सु॒धृष्ट॑म॒मप॑श्यं स॒प्रथ॑स्तमं ।

दि॒वो न सद्म॑मखसं ॥

Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented

नराशंसं सुधृष्टममपश्यं सप्रथस्तमं ।

दिवो न सद्ममखसं ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Accented

नरा॒शंस॑म् । सु॒ऽधृष्ट॑मम् । अप॑श्यम् । स॒प्रथः॑ऽतमम् ।

दि॒वः । न । सद्म॑ऽमखसम् ॥

Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented

नराशंसम् । सुऽधृष्टमम् । अपश्यम् । सप्रथःऽतमम् ।

दिवः । न । सद्मऽमखसम् ॥

Padapatha transliteration accented

nárāśáṃsam ǀ su-dhṛ́ṣṭamam ǀ ápaśyam ǀ sapráthaḥ-tamam ǀ

diváḥ ǀ ná ǀ sádma-makhasam ǁ

Padapatha transliteration nonaccented

narāśaṃsam ǀ su-dhṛṣṭamam ǀ apaśyam ǀ saprathaḥ-tamam ǀ

divaḥ ǀ na ǀ sadma-makhasam ǁ

Translation — Padapatha — Grammar

{ I } saw ← ^[3] apaśyam (verb Imperfect single 1st) ← paś

the well discernible ← ^[2] su-dhṛṣṭamam (noun M-Ac single) ← sudhṛṣṭama

voicing divinity ← ^[1] narāśaṃsam (noun M-Ac single) ← narāśaṃsa

the most vast ← ^[4] saprathaḥ-tamam (noun M-Ac single) ← saprathastama

like ← ^[6] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)

mighty house ← ^[7] sadma-makhasam (noun M-Ac single) ← sadmamakhas

of the Heaven ← ^[5] divaḥ (noun M-G single) ← div

5. Do thou, O Brahmanaspati, and may Soma and Indra and Dakshina protect that mortal from evil.

If we suppose evil in this rik to connote or include moral evil we find Dakshina to have a share, the active energy of the viveka to take its part in the function of protection from sin which is one of the principal attributes of Varuna. It is part of the ideas of Vedanta that sin is in reality a form of ignorance and is purified out of the system by the illumination of divine knowledge.

1.18.1. O Master of the Soul, make Kakshivan son of Usijas a sweet soul and a good fighter.

1.18.2. May he who is bold and impetuous, who slayeth all unfriendly things, the knower of substance of being, the increaser of fullness cleave to us, he who is strong and swift.

1.18.3. Let not the aspiration and the eagerness of mortal man in his struggle perish in us, O master of the soul, protect us (or let not slaughter and injury etc).

1.18.4. That hero smiteth and is not hurt, whom Indra and Brahmanaspati and Soma befriend, a mortal man.

1.18.5. Him mortal, O Brahmanaspati, let Soma protect from harm and Indra, both auspicious grown.

1.18.6. I have laboured towards the wondrous master of the house, the beloved, the desired of Indra, for steadfastness in weal I have laboured and for capacity of soul.

1.18.7. He without whom the yajna cometh not to fulfilment, even of the man of discerning heart, he hath power over the yoga of the movements of the understanding.

1.18.8. He confirms the offering of the oblation, he carries forward the work of the sacrifice, by the priest of the offering he moves with the gods.

1.18.9. I saw One strong of aspiration, utterly audacious, wide and expanding besieging as it were the seats of heaven.

¹ Ritam // CWSA.– Vol. 14.– Vedic and Philological Studies.– Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 2016, pp. 63-71.

² The Eighteenth Hymn / Medhatithi Kanwa’s Hymn to Brahmanaspati, Master of the Soul. // CWSA.– Vol. 14.– Vedic and Philological Studies.– Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 2016, pp. 208-209.

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