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2. Audio |
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▪ by Sri Shyama Sundara Sharma and Sri Satya Krishna Bhatta. Recorded by © 2012 Sriranga Digital Software Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |
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Rig Veda
Text & Audio
MAṆḌALA 1
Sūkta 33
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1. Info |
| To: | indra | |
| From: | hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa | |
| Metres: | triṣṭubh |
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2. Audio |
▪ by South Indian brahmins |
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▪ by Sri Shyama Sundara Sharma and Sri Satya Krishna Bhatta. Recorded by © 2012 Sriranga Digital Software Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |
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3. Text |
01.033.01 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.01.01 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.034 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
एताया॒मोप॑ ग॒व्यंत॒ इंद्र॑म॒स्माकं॒ सु प्रम॑तिं वावृधाति ।
अ॒ना॒मृ॒णः कु॒विदाद॒स्य रा॒यो गवां॒ केतं॒ पर॑मा॒वर्ज॑ते नः ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
एतायामोप गव्यंत इंद्रमस्माकं सु प्रमतिं वावृधाति ।
अनामृणः कुविदादस्य रायो गवां केतं परमावर्जते नः ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
étā́yāmópa gavyánta índramasmā́kam sú prámatim vāvṛdhāti ǀ
anāmṛṇáḥ kuvídā́dasyá rāyó gávām kétam páramāvárjate naḥ ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
etāyāmopa gavyanta indramasmākam su pramatim vāvṛdhāti ǀ
anāmṛṇaḥ kuvidādasya rāyo gavām ketam paramāvarjate naḥ ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
आ । इ॒त॒ । अया॑म । उप॑ । ग॒व्यन्तः॑ । इन्द्र॑म् । अ॒स्माक॑म् । सु । प्रऽम॑तिम् । व॒वृ॒धा॒ति॒ ।
अ॒ना॒मृ॒णः । कु॒वित् । आत् । अ॒स्य । रा॒यः । गवा॑म् । केत॑म् । पर॑म् । आ॒ऽवर्ज॑ते । नः॒ ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
आ । इत । अयाम । उप । गव्यन्तः । इन्द्रम् । अस्माकम् । सु । प्रऽमतिम् । ववृधाति ।
अनामृणः । कुवित् । आत् । अस्य । रायः । गवाम् । केतम् । परम् । आऽवर्जते । नः ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ā́ ǀ ita ǀ áyāma ǀ úpa ǀ gavyántaḥ ǀ índram ǀ asmā́kam ǀ sú ǀ prá-matim ǀ vavṛdhāti ǀ
anāmṛṇáḥ ǀ kuvít ǀ ā́t ǀ asyá ǀ rāyáḥ ǀ gávām ǀ kétam ǀ páram ǀ ā-várjate ǀ naḥ ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
ā ǀ ita ǀ ayāma ǀ upa ǀ gavyantaḥ ǀ indram ǀ asmākam ǀ su ǀ pra-matim ǀ vavṛdhāti ǀ
anāmṛṇaḥ ǀ kuvit ǀ āt ǀ asya ǀ rāyaḥ ǀ gavām ǀ ketam ǀ param ǀ ā-varjate ǀ naḥ ǁ
interlinear translation
Do сome, let {us} go, O seekers of the cows , to Indra – {he} increases well our judgment in thought, then would {he}, the invincible one, bring to us his riches of cows , the supreme intuitive perception?
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
Do сome ← [1] ā (preposition); [2] ita (verb Present Imperative Active plural 2nd) ← i
let {us} go ← [3] ayāma (verb Imperative Active plural 1st) ← i
O seekers of the cows ← [5] gavyantaḥ (noun M-V plural) ← gavyat
to ← [4] upa (preposition)
Indra ← [6] indram (noun M-Ac single) ← indra
{he} increases ← [10] vavṛdhāti = vardhati (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← vṛdh
well ← [8] su (indeclinable word; adverb, adjective)
our ← [7] asmākam (pronoun G plural 1st) ← vayam
judgment in thought ← [9] pra-matim (noun F-Ac single) ← pramati
then ← [13] āt (indeclinable word; adverb, copulative)
would {he} ← [19] ā-varjate (verb Subjunctive Middle single 3rd) ← āvṛj
the invincible one ← [11] anāmṛṇaḥ (noun M-N single) ← anāmṛṇa
bring ← [12] kuvit (indeclinable word; particle) ← kuvid; [19] ā-varjate (verb Subjunctive Middle single 3rd) ← āvṛj
to us ← [20] naḥ (pronoun D plural 1st) ← vayam
his ← [14] asya (pronoun N-G single) ← iyam
riches ← [15] rāyaḥ (noun M-Ac plural) ← rai
of cows ← [16] gavām (noun M-G plural) ← go
the supreme ← [18] param (noun M-Ac single) ← para
intuitive perception ← [17] ketam (noun M-Ac single) ← ketu
01.033.02 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.01.02 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.035 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
उपेद॒हं ध॑न॒दामप्र॑तीतं॒ जुष्टां॒ न श्ये॒नो व॑स॒तिं प॑तामि ।
इंद्रं॑ नम॒स्यन्नु॑प॒मेभि॑र॒र्कैर्यः स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ हव्यो॒ अस्ति॒ याम॑न् ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
उपेदहं धनदामप्रतीतं जुष्टां न श्येनो वसतिं पतामि ।
इंद्रं नमस्यन्नुपमेभिरर्कैर्यः स्तोतृभ्यो हव्यो अस्ति यामन् ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
úpédahám dhanadā́mápratītam júṣṭām ná śyenó vasatím patāmi ǀ
índram namasyánnupamébhirarkáiryáḥ stotṛ́bhyo hávyo ásti yā́man ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
upedaham dhanadāmapratītam juṣṭām na śyeno vasatim patāmi ǀ
indram namasyannupamebhirarkairyaḥ stotṛbhyo havyo asti yāman ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
उप॑ । इत् । अ॒हम् । ध॒न॒ऽदाम् । अप्र॑तिऽइतम् । जुष्टा॑म् । न । श्ये॒नः । व॒स॒तिम् । प॒ता॒मि॒ ।
इन्द्र॑म् । न॒म॒स्यन् । उ॒प॒ऽमेभिः॑ । अ॒र्कैः । यः । स्तो॒तृऽभ्यः॑ । हव्यः॑ । अस्ति॑ । याम॑न् ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
उप । इत् । अहम् । धनऽदाम् । अप्रतिऽइतम् । जुष्टाम् । न । श्येनः । वसतिम् । पतामि ।
इन्द्रम् । नमस्यन् । उपऽमेभिः । अर्कैः । यः । स्तोतृऽभ्यः । हव्यः । अस्ति । यामन् ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
úpa ǀ ít ǀ ahám ǀ dhana-dā́m ǀ áprati-itam ǀ júṣṭām ǀ ná ǀ śyenáḥ ǀ vasatím ǀ patāmi ǀ
índram ǀ namasyán ǀ upa-mébhiḥ ǀ arkáiḥ ǀ yáḥ ǀ stotṛ́-bhyaḥ ǀ hávyaḥ ǀ ásti ǀ yā́man ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
upa ǀ it ǀ aham ǀ dhana-dām ǀ aprati-itam ǀ juṣṭām ǀ na ǀ śyenaḥ ǀ vasatim ǀ patāmi ǀ
indram ǀ namasyan ǀ upa-mebhiḥ ǀ arkaiḥ ǀ yaḥ ǀ stotṛ-bhyaḥ ǀ havyaḥ ǀ asti ǀ yāman ǁ
interlinear translation
Truly, I fly to the incomparable Giver of riches , like a hawk to its beloved nest, bowing down to Indra by the highest hymns of illumination, {to him} who for his chanters is {the one} who should be called upon in {their} approaching.
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
Truly ← [2] it (indeclinable word; particle) ← id
I ← [3] aham (pronoun N single)
fly ← [10] patāmi (verb Present Active single 1st) ← pat
to ← [1] upa (preposition)
the incomparable ← [5] aprati-itam (noun M-Ac single) ← apratīta
Giver of riches ← [4] dhana-dām (noun M-Ac single) ← dhanadā
like ← [7] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)
a hawk ← [8] śyenaḥ (noun M-N single) ← śyena
to its beloved ← [6] juṣṭām (noun F-Ac single) ← juṣṭa
nest ← [9] vasatim (noun F-Ac single) ← vasati
bowing down ← [12] namasyan (Participle M-N single) ← namasya
to Indra ← [11] indram (noun M-Ac single) ← indra
by the highest ← [13] upa-mebhiḥ (noun I plural) ← upama
hymns of illumination ← [14] arkaiḥ (noun M-I plural) ← arka
{to him} who ← [15] yaḥ (pronoun M-N single) ← yad
for his chanters ← [16] stotṛ-bhyaḥ (noun M-D plural) ← stotṛ
is {the one} ← [18] asti (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← as
who should be called upon ← [17] havyaḥ (noun M-N single) ← havya
in {their} approaching ← [19] yāman (noun N-L single)
01.033.03 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.01.03 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.036 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
नि सर्व॑सेन इषु॒धीँर॑सक्त॒ सम॒र्यो गा अ॑जति॒ यस्य॒ वष्टि॑ ।
चो॒ष्कू॒यमा॑ण इंद्र॒ भूरि॑ वा॒मं मा प॒णिर्भू॑र॒स्मदधि॑ प्रवृद्ध ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
नि सर्वसेन इषुधीँरसक्त समर्यो गा अजति यस्य वष्टि ।
चोष्कूयमाण इंद्र भूरि वामं मा पणिर्भूरस्मदधि प्रवृद्ध ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
ní sárvasena iṣudhī́m̐rasakta sámaryó gā́ ajati yásya váṣṭi ǀ
coṣkūyámāṇa indra bhū́ri vāmám mā́ paṇírbhūrasmádádhi pravṛddha ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
ni sarvasena iṣudhīm̐rasakta samaryo gā ajati yasya vaṣṭi ǀ
coṣkūyamāṇa indra bhūri vāmam mā paṇirbhūrasmadadhi pravṛddha ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
नि । सर्व॑ऽसेनः । इ॒षु॒ऽधीन् । अ॒स॒क्त॒ । सम् । अ॒र्यः । गाः । अ॒ज॒ति॒ । यस्य॑ । वष्टि॑ ।
चो॒ष्कू॒यमा॑णः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । भूरि॑ । वा॒मम् । मा । प॒णिः । भूः॒ । अ॒स्मत् । अधि॑ । प्र॒ऽवृ॒द्ध॒ ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
नि । सर्वऽसेनः । इषुऽधीन् । असक्त । सम् । अर्यः । गाः । अजति । यस्य । वष्टि ।
चोष्कूयमाणः । इन्द्र । भूरि । वामम् । मा । पणिः । भूः । अस्मत् । अधि । प्रऽवृद्ध ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ní ǀ sárva-senaḥ ǀ iṣu-dhī́n ǀ asakta ǀ sám ǀ aryáḥ ǀ gā́ḥ ǀ ajati ǀ yásya ǀ váṣṭi ǀ
coṣkūyámāṇaḥ ǀ indra ǀ bhū́ri ǀ vāmám ǀ mā́ ǀ paṇíḥ ǀ bhūḥ ǀ asmát ǀ ádhi ǀ pra-vṛddha ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
ni ǀ sarva-senaḥ ǀ iṣu-dhīn ǀ asakta ǀ sam ǀ aryaḥ ǀ gāḥ ǀ ajati ǀ yasya ǀ vaṣṭi ǀ
coṣkūyamāṇaḥ ǀ indra ǀ bhūri ǀ vāmam ǀ mā ǀ paṇiḥ ǀ bhūḥ ǀ asmat ǀ adhi ǀ pra-vṛddha ǁ
interlinear translation
Leading all his armies, {he} fastened {his} quivers together, Arya , driving cows (supramental perceptions) to the one whom {he} desires. O Indra , {thou} doest not become Pani holding back from us the great plenty of riches above, O increased.
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
Leading all his armies ← [2] sarva-senaḥ (noun M-N single) ← sarvasena
{he} fastened ← [1] ni (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition); [4] asakta (verb Aorist single 3rd) ← niṣañj
{his} quivers ← [3] iṣu-dhīn (noun M-Ac plural) ← iṣudhi
together ← [5] sam (indeclinable word; adverb)
Arya ← [6] aryaḥ (noun M-N single) ← arya
driving ← [8] ajati (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← aj
cows (supramental perceptions) ← [7] gāḥ (noun M-Ac plural) ← go
to the one whom ← [9] yasya (pronoun M-G single) ← yad
{he} desires ← [10] vaṣṭi (verb Present Active single 3rd) ← vaś
O Indra ← [12] indra (noun M-V single)
{thou} ← [17] bhūḥ (verb Injunctive Active single 2nd) ← bhū
doest not ← [15] mā (indeclinable word; particle)
become ← [17] bhūḥ (verb Injunctive Active single 2nd) ← bhū
Pani ← [16] paṇiḥ (noun M-N single) ← paṇi
holding back ← [11] coṣkūyamāṇaḥ (Participle M-N single) ← coṣkūyamaṇa
from us ← [18] asmat (pronoun Ab plural 1st) ← vayam
the great ← [13] bhūri (noun N-Ac single)
plenty of riches ← [14] vāmam (noun N-Ac single) ← vāma
above ← [19] adhi (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
O increased ← [20] pra-vṛddha (noun M-V single) ← pravṛddha
01.033.04 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.01.04 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.037 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
वधी॒र्हि दस्युं॑ ध॒निनं॑ घ॒नेनँ॒ एक॒श्चर॑न्नुपशा॒केभि॑रिंद्र ।
धनो॒रधि॑ विषु॒णक्ते व्या॑य॒न्नय॑ज्वानः सन॒काः प्रेति॑मीयुः ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
वधीर्हि दस्युं धनिनं घनेनँ एकश्चरन्नुपशाकेभिरिंद्र ।
धनोरधि विषुणक्ते व्यायन्नयज्वानः सनकाः प्रेतिमीयुः ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
vádhīrhí dásyum dhanínam ghanénam̐ ékaścárannupaśākébhirindra ǀ
dhánorádhi viṣuṇákté vyā́yannáyajvānaḥ sanakā́ḥ prétimīyuḥ ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
vadhīrhi dasyum dhaninam ghanenam̐ ekaścarannupaśākebhirindra ǀ
dhanoradhi viṣuṇakte vyāyannayajvānaḥ sanakāḥ pretimīyuḥ ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
वधीः॑ । हि । दस्यु॑म् । ध॒निन॑म् । घ॒नेन॑ । एकः॑ । चर॑न् । उ॒प॒ऽशा॒केभिः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ ।
धनोः॑ । अधि॑ । वि॒षु॒णक् । ते । वि । आ॒य॒न् । अय॑ज्वानः । स॒न॒काः । प्रऽइ॑तिम् । ई॒युः॒ ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
वधीः । हि । दस्युम् । धनिनम् । घनेन । एकः । चरन् । उपऽशाकेभिः । इन्द्र ।
धनोः । अधि । विषुणक् । ते । वि । आयन् । अयज्वानः । सनकाः । प्रऽइतिम् । ईयुः ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
vádhīḥ ǀ hí ǀ dásyum ǀ dhanínam ǀ ghanéna ǀ ékaḥ ǀ cáran ǀ upa-śākébhiḥ ǀ indra ǀ
dhánoḥ ǀ ádhi ǀ viṣuṇák ǀ té ǀ ví ǀ āyan ǀ áyajvānaḥ ǀ sanakā́ḥ ǀ prá-itim ǀ īyuḥ ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
vadhīḥ ǀ hi ǀ dasyum ǀ dhaninam ǀ ghanena ǀ ekaḥ ǀ caran ǀ upa-śākebhiḥ ǀ indra ǀ
dhanoḥ ǀ adhi ǀ viṣuṇak ǀ te ǀ vi ǀ āyan ǀ ayajvānaḥ ǀ sanakāḥ ǀ pra-itim ǀ īyuḥ ǁ
interlinear translation
For {thou} alone slewest by weapon the wealthy Dasyu, moving forward with able {arrows}, O Indra ; in all directions they widely sped from {his} bow above – they, who never sacrificed, rushed to flee.
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
For ← [2] hi (indeclinable word; particle)
{thou} alone ← [6] ekaḥ (noun M-N single) ← eka
slewest ← [1] vadhīḥ (verb Aorist single 2nd) ← vadh
by weapon ← [5] ghanena (noun M-I single) ← ghana
the wealthy ← [4] dhaninam (noun M-Ac single) ← dhanin
Dasyu ← [3] dasyum (noun M-Ac single) ← dasyu
moving forward ← [7] caran = caraḥ (noun M-N single) ← cara
with able {arrows} ← [8] upa-śākebhiḥ (noun I plural) ← upaśāka
O Indra ← [9] indra (noun M-V single)
; in all directions ← [12] viṣuṇak (indeclinable word; adverb)
they ← [13] te (pronoun M-N plural 3rd) ← sa
widely sped ← [14] vi (indeclinable word; adverb); [15] āyan (verb Imperfect Active plural 3rd) ← i
from {his} bow ← [10] dhanoḥ (noun M-Ab single) ← dhanu
above ← [11] adhi (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
they, who ← [16] ayajvānaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← ayajvan
never ← [17] sanakāḥ (noun M-N plural) ← sanaka
sacrificed ← [16] ayajvānaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← ayajvan
rushed to flee ← [18] pra-itim (noun F-Ac single) ← preti; [19] īyuḥ (verb Perfect Active plural 3rd) ← i
01.033.05 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.01.05 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.038 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
परा॑ चिच्छी॒र्षा व॑वृजु॒स्त इं॒द्राय॑ज्वानो॒ यज्व॑भिः॒ स्पर्ध॑मानाः ।
प्र यद्दि॒वो ह॑रिवः स्थातरुग्र॒ निर॑व्र॒ताँ अ॑धमो॒ रोद॑स्योः ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
परा चिच्छीर्षा ववृजुस्त इंद्रायज्वानो यज्वभिः स्पर्धमानाः ।
प्र यद्दिवो हरिवः स्थातरुग्र निरव्रताँ अधमो रोदस्योः ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
párā cicchīrṣā́ vavṛjustá indrā́yajvāno yájvabhiḥ spárdhamānāḥ ǀ
prá yáddivó harivaḥ sthātarugra níravratā́m̐ adhamo ródasyoḥ ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
parā cicchīrṣā vavṛjusta indrāyajvāno yajvabhiḥ spardhamānāḥ ǀ
pra yaddivo harivaḥ sthātarugra niravratām̐ adhamo rodasyoḥ ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
परा॑ । चि॒त् । शी॒र्षा । व॒वृ॒जुः॒ । ते । इ॒न्द्र॒ । अय॑ज्वानः । यज्व॑ऽभिः । स्पर्ध॑मानाः ।
प्र । यत् । दि॒वः । ह॒रि॒ऽवः॒ । स्था॒तः॒ । उ॒ग्र॒ । निः । अ॒व्र॒तान् । अ॒ध॒मः॒ । रोद॑स्योः ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
परा । चित् । शीर्षा । ववृजुः । ते । इन्द्र । अयज्वानः । यज्वऽभिः । स्पर्धमानाः ।
प्र । यत् । दिवः । हरिऽवः । स्थातः । उग्र । निः । अव्रतान् । अधमः । रोदस्योः ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
párā ǀ cit ǀ śīrṣā́ ǀ vavṛjuḥ ǀ té ǀ indra ǀ áyajvānaḥ ǀ yájva-bhiḥ ǀ spárdhamānāḥ ǀ
prá ǀ yát ǀ diváḥ ǀ hari-vaḥ ǀ sthātaḥ ǀ ugra ǀ níḥ ǀ avratā́n ǀ adhamaḥ ǀ ródasyoḥ ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
parā ǀ cit ǀ śīrṣā ǀ vavṛjuḥ ǀ te ǀ indra ǀ ayajvānaḥ ǀ yajva-bhiḥ ǀ spardhamānāḥ ǀ
pra ǀ yat ǀ divaḥ ǀ hari-vaḥ ǀ sthātaḥ ǀ ugra ǀ niḥ ǀ avratān ǀ adhamaḥ ǀ rodasyoḥ ǁ
interlinear translation
{Their} heads were scattered off – they, O Indra , who do not sacrifice fighting with the sacrificers, when, O puissant, O driver, the Master of bright steedss , {thou} castest out from Heaven them, who violate the law of works , from two firmaments (Heaven and Earth) .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
{Their} heads ← [3] śīrṣā = śīrṣāṇi (noun N-Ac plural) ← śīrṣan
were scattered ← [1] parā (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
off ← [4] vavṛjuḥ (verb Perfect Active plural 3rd) ← parāvṛj
they ← [5] te (pronoun M-N plural 3rd) ← sa
O Indra ← [6] indra (noun M-V single)
who do not sacrifice ← [7] ayajvānaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← ayajvan
fighting ← [9] spardhamānāḥ (Participle M-N plural) ← spardhamāna
with the sacrificers ← [8] yajva-bhiḥ (noun M-I plural) ← yajvan
when ← [11] yat (indeclinable word; pronoun) ← yad
O puissant ← [15] ugra (noun M-V single)
O driver ← [14] sthātaḥ (noun M-V single) ← sthātṛ
the Master of bright steedss ← [13] hari-vaḥ (noun M-N single) ← hariva
{thou} castest out ← [18] adhamaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← dham
from Heaven ← [12] divaḥ (noun M-Ab single) ← div
them, who violate the law of works ← [17] avratān (noun M-Ac plural) ← avrata
from ← [16] niḥ (indeclinable word; preposition)
two firmaments (Heaven and Earth) ← [19] rodasyoḥ (noun F-L double) ← rodasī
01.033.06 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.02.01 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.039 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
अयु॑युत्सन्ननव॒द्यस्य॒ सेना॒मया॑तयंत क्षि॒तयो॒ नव॑ग्वाः ।
वृ॒षा॒युधो॒ न वध्र॑यो॒ निर॑ष्टाः प्र॒वद्भि॒रिंद्रा॑च्चि॒तयं॑त आयन् ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
अयुयुत्सन्ननवद्यस्य सेनामयातयंत क्षितयो नवग्वाः ।
वृषायुधो न वध्रयो निरष्टाः प्रवद्भिरिंद्राच्चितयंत आयन् ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
áyuyutsannanavadyásya sénāmáyātayanta kṣitáyo návagvāḥ ǀ
vṛṣāyúdho ná vádhrayo níraṣṭāḥ pravádbhiríndrāccitáyanta āyan ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
ayuyutsannanavadyasya senāmayātayanta kṣitayo navagvāḥ ǀ
vṛṣāyudho na vadhrayo niraṣṭāḥ pravadbhirindrāccitayanta āyan ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
अयु॑युत्सन् । अ॒न॒व॒द्यस्य॑ । सेना॑म् । अया॑तयन्त । क्षि॒तयः॑ । नव॑ऽग्वाः ।
वृ॒ष॒ऽयुधः॑ । न । वध्र॑यः । निःऽअ॑ष्टाः । प्र॒वत्ऽभिः॑ । इन्द्रा॑त् । चि॒तय॑न्तः । आ॒य॒न् ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
अयुयुत्सन् । अनवद्यस्य । सेनाम् । अयातयन्त । क्षितयः । नवऽग्वाः ।
वृषऽयुधः । न । वध्रयः । निःऽअष्टाः । प्रवत्ऽभिः । इन्द्रात् । चितयन्तः । आयन् ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
áyuyutsan ǀ anavadyásya ǀ sénām ǀ áyātayanta ǀ kṣitáyaḥ ǀ náva-gvāḥ ǀ
vṛṣa-yúdhaḥ ǀ ná ǀ vádhrayaḥ ǀ níḥ-aṣṭāḥ ǀ pravát-bhiḥ ǀ índrāt ǀ citáyantaḥ ǀ āyan ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
ayuyutsan ǀ anavadyasya ǀ senām ǀ ayātayanta ǀ kṣitayaḥ ǀ nava-gvāḥ ǀ
vṛṣa-yudhaḥ ǀ na ǀ vadhrayaḥ ǀ niḥ-aṣṭāḥ ǀ pravat-bhiḥ ǀ indrāt ǀ citayantaḥ ǀ āyan ǁ
interlinear translation
{They} fought against the army of the Faultless one, the marching Navagvas kept pace. Like the bullocks, deprived of male force, the combating against the bull {they}, having learned, fled down the slopes of a mountain from Indra .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
{They} fought against ← [1] ayuyutsan = ayudhyan (verb Imperfect Active plural 3rd) ← yudh
the army ← [3] senām (noun F-Ac single) ← senā
of the Faultless one ← [2] anavadyasya (noun M-G single) ← anavadya
the marching ← [5] kṣitayaḥ = kṣayaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← kṣi
Navagvas ← [6] nava-gvāḥ (noun M-N plural) ← navagva
kept pace ← [4] ayātayanta = ayatayanta (verb Imperfect Middle plural 3rd) ← yat
Like ← [8] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)
the bullocks ← [9] vadhrayaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← vadhri
deprived of male force ← [10] niḥ-aṣṭāḥ (noun M-N plural) ← niraṣṭa
the combating against the bull ← [7] vṛṣa-yudhaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← vṛṣāyudh
{they}, having learned ← [13] citayantaḥ (Participle M-N plural) ← cit
fled ← [14] āyan (verb Imperfect Active plural 3rd) ← i
down the slopes of a mountain ← [11] pravat-bhiḥ (noun I plural) ← pravat
from Indra ← [12] indrāt (noun M-Ab single) ← indra
01.033.07 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.02.02 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.040 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
त्वमे॒तान्रु॑द॒तो जक्ष॑त॒श्चायो॑धयो॒ रज॑स इंद्र पा॒रे ।
अवा॑दहो दि॒व आ दस्यु॑मु॒च्चा प्र सु॑न्व॒तः स्तु॑व॒तः शंस॑मावः ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
त्वमेतान्रुदतो जक्षतश्चायोधयो रजस इंद्र पारे ।
अवादहो दिव आ दस्युमुच्चा प्र सुन्वतः स्तुवतः शंसमावः ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
tvámetā́nrudató jákṣataścā́yodhayo rájasa indra pāré ǀ
ávādaho divá ā́ dásyumuccā́ prá sunvatáḥ stuvatáḥ śáṃsamāvaḥ ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
tvametānrudato jakṣataścāyodhayo rajasa indra pāre ǀ
avādaho diva ā dasyumuccā pra sunvataḥ stuvataḥ śaṃsamāvaḥ ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
त्वम् । ए॒तान् । रु॒द॒तः । जक्ष॑तः । च॒ । अयो॑धयः । रज॑सः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । पा॒रे ।
अव॑ । अ॒द॒हः॒ । दि॒वः । आ । दस्यु॑म् । उ॒च्चा । प्र । सु॒न्व॒तः । स्तु॒व॒तः । शंस॑म् । आ॒वः॒ ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
त्वम् । एतान् । रुदतः । जक्षतः । च । अयोधयः । रजसः । इन्द्र । पारे ।
अव । अदहः । दिवः । आ । दस्युम् । उच्चा । प्र । सुन्वतः । स्तुवतः । शंसम् । आवः ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
tvám ǀ etā́n ǀ rudatáḥ ǀ jákṣataḥ ǀ ca ǀ áyodhayaḥ ǀ rájasaḥ ǀ indra ǀ pāré ǀ
áva ǀ adahaḥ ǀ diváḥ ǀ ā́ ǀ dásyum ǀ uccā́ ǀ prá ǀ sunvatáḥ ǀ stuvatáḥ ǀ śáṃsam ǀ āvaḥ ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
tvam ǀ etān ǀ rudataḥ ǀ jakṣataḥ ǀ ca ǀ ayodhayaḥ ǀ rajasaḥ ǀ indra ǀ pāre ǀ
ava ǀ adahaḥ ǀ divaḥ ǀ ā ǀ dasyum ǀ uccā ǀ pra ǀ sunvataḥ ǀ stuvataḥ ǀ śaṃsam ǀ āvaḥ ǁ
interlinear translation
Thou overcamest those weeping and laughing, O Indra , on the other shore of the air-world . {Thou} hast burnt out Dasyu from above, from Heaven . {Thou} increasedst the self-expression of the lauding presser {of soma} .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
Thou ← [1] tvam (pronoun M-N single 2nd) ← tva
overcamest ← [6] ayodhayaḥ = ayudhyaḥ, ayodhaḥ (indeclinable word; verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← yudh
those ← [2] etān (noun M-Ac plural) ← eṣa
weeping ← [3] rudataḥ (noun M-Ac plural) ← rudat
and ← [5] ca (indeclinable word; copulative)
laughing ← [4] jakṣataḥ (Participle M-Ac plural) ← jakṣat
O Indra ← [8] indra (noun M-V single)
on the other shore ← [9] pāre (noun M-L single) ← pāra
of the air-world ← [7] rajasaḥ (noun N-G single) ← rajas
{Thou} hast burnt out ← [10] ava (indeclinable word; adverb); [11] adahaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← dah
Dasyu ← [14] dasyum (noun M-Ac single) ← dasyu
from above ← [15] uccā (indeclinable word; adverb)
from Heaven ← [12] divaḥ (noun M-Ab single) ← div; [13] ā (preposition)
{Thou} increasedst ← [16] pra (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition); [20] āvaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← av
the self-expression ← [19] śaṃsam (noun M-Ac single) ← śaṃsa
of the lauding ← [18] stuvataḥ (noun M-G single) ← stuvat
presser {of soma} ← [17] sunvataḥ (noun M-G single) ← sunvat
01.033.08 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.02.03 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.041 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
च॒क्रा॒णासः॑ परी॒णहं॑ पृथि॒व्या हिर॑ण्येन म॒णिना॒ शुंभ॑मानाः ।
न हि॑न्वा॒नास॑स्तितिरु॒स्त इंद्रं॒ परि॒ स्पशो॑ अदधा॒त्सूर्ये॑ण ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
चक्राणासः परीणहं पृथिव्या हिरण्येन मणिना शुंभमानाः ।
न हिन्वानासस्तितिरुस्त इंद्रं परि स्पशो अदधात्सूर्येण ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
cakrāṇā́saḥ parīṇáham pṛthivyā́ híraṇyena maṇínā śúmbhamānāḥ ǀ
ná hinvānā́sastitirustá índram pári spáśo adadhātsū́ryeṇa ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
cakrāṇāsaḥ parīṇaham pṛthivyā hiraṇyena maṇinā śumbhamānāḥ ǀ
na hinvānāsastitirusta indram pari spaśo adadhātsūryeṇa ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
च॒क्रा॒णासः॑ । प॒रि॒ऽनह॑म् । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । हिर॑ण्येन । म॒णिना॑ । शुम्भ॑मानाः ।
न । हि॒न्वा॒नासः॑ । ति॒ति॒रुः॒ । ते । इन्द्र॑म् । परि॑ । स्पशः॑ । अ॒द॒धा॒त् । सूर्ये॑ण ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
चक्राणासः । परिऽनहम् । पृथिव्याः । हिरण्येन । मणिना । शुम्भमानाः ।
न । हिन्वानासः । तितिरुः । ते । इन्द्रम् । परि । स्पशः । अदधात् । सूर्येण ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
cakrāṇā́saḥ ǀ pari-náham ǀ pṛthivyā́ḥ ǀ híraṇyena ǀ maṇínā ǀ śúmbhamānāḥ ǀ
ná ǀ hinvānā́saḥ ǀ titiruḥ ǀ té ǀ índram ǀ pári ǀ spáśaḥ ǀ adadhāt ǀ sū́ryeṇa ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
cakrāṇāsaḥ ǀ pari-naham ǀ pṛthivyāḥ ǀ hiraṇyena ǀ maṇinā ǀ śumbhamānāḥ ǀ
na ǀ hinvānāsaḥ ǀ titiruḥ ǀ te ǀ indram ǀ pari ǀ spaśaḥ ǀ adadhāt ǀ sūryeṇa ǁ
interlinear translation
{They}, which became the enclosure of the Earth , shown by the golden Gem {of the Sun}; they, hurrying, have not passed beyond Indra – {he} established everywhere the seeing ones by the Sun .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
{They}, which became ← [1] cakrāṇāsaḥ (Participle M-N plural) ← cakrāṇa
the enclosure ← [2] pari-naham = parīṇaham (noun F-Ac single) ← parīṇah
of the Earth ← [3] pṛthivyāḥ (noun F-G single) ← pṛthivī
shown ← [6] śumbhamānāḥ (noun M-N plural) ← śumbhamāna
by the golden ← [4] hiraṇyena (noun N-I single) ← hiraṇya
Gem {of the Sun} ← [5] maṇinā (noun M-I single) ← maṇi
; they ← [10] te (pronoun M-N plural 3rd) ← sa
hurrying ← [8] hinvānāsaḥ (Participle M-N plural) ← hi
have not ← [7] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)
passed beyond ← [9] titiruḥ (verb Perfect Active plural 3rd) ← tṝ
Indra ← [11] indram (noun M-Ac single) ← indra
{he} established ← [14] adadhāt (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← dhā
everywhere ← [12] pari (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
the seeing ones ← [13] spaśaḥ (noun M-Ac plural) ← spaś
by the Sun ← [15] sūryeṇa (noun M-I single) ← sūrya
01.033.09 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.02.04 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.042 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
परि॒ यदिं॑द्र॒ रोद॑सी उ॒भे अबु॑भोजीर्महि॒ना वि॒श्वतः॑ सीं ।
अम॑न्यमानाँ अ॒भि मन्य॑मानै॒र्निर्ब्र॒ह्मभि॑रधमो॒ दस्यु॑मिंद्र ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
परि यदिंद्र रोदसी उभे अबुभोजीर्महिना विश्वतः सीं ।
अमन्यमानाँ अभि मन्यमानैर्निर्ब्रह्मभिरधमो दस्युमिंद्र ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
pári yádindra ródasī ubhé ábubhojīrmahinā́ viśvátaḥ sīm ǀ
ámanyamānām̐ abhí mányamānairnírbrahmábhiradhamo dásyumindra ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
pari yadindra rodasī ubhe abubhojīrmahinā viśvataḥ sīm ǀ
amanyamānām̐ abhi manyamānairnirbrahmabhiradhamo dasyumindra ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
परि॑ । यत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । उ॒भे इति॑ । अबु॑भोजीः । म॒हि॒ना । वि॒श्वतः॑ । सी॒म् ।
अम॑न्यमानान् । अ॒भि । मन्य॑मानैः । निः । ब्र॒ह्मऽभिः॑ । अ॒ध॒मः॒ । दस्यु॑म् । इ॒न्द्र॒ ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
परि । यत् । इन्द्र । रोदसी इति । उभे इति । अबुभोजीः । महिना । विश्वतः । सीम् ।
अमन्यमानान् । अभि । मन्यमानैः । निः । ब्रह्मऽभिः । अधमः । दस्युम् । इन्द्र ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
pári ǀ yát ǀ indra ǀ ródasī íti ǀ ubhé íti ǀ ábubhojīḥ ǀ mahinā́ ǀ viśvátaḥ ǀ sīm ǀ
ámanyamānān ǀ abhí ǀ mányamānaiḥ ǀ níḥ ǀ brahmá-bhiḥ ǀ adhamaḥ ǀ dásyum ǀ indra ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
pari ǀ yat ǀ indra ǀ rodasī iti ǀ ubhe iti ǀ abubhojīḥ ǀ mahinā ǀ viśvataḥ ǀ sīm ǀ
amanyamānān ǀ abhi ǀ manyamānaiḥ ǀ niḥ ǀ brahma-bhiḥ ǀ adhamaḥ ǀ dasyum ǀ indra ǁ
interlinear translation
When, O Indra , everywhere by {thy} greatness {thou} tookest possession of those both firmaments (Earth and Heaven) all around, {thou overcamest} those who cannot think by those who think, by the Wisdom-Words {thou} threwest out the Dasyu , O Indra .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
When ← [2] yat (indeclinable word; pronoun) ← yad
O Indra ← [3] indra (noun M-V single)
everywhere ← [1] pari (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
by {thy} greatness ← [7] mahinā (noun M-I single) ← mahi
{thou} tookest possession ← [6] abubhojīḥ (verb Aorist Active single 2nd) ← bhuj
of those ← [9] sīm (indeclinable word; pronoun)
both ← [5] ubhe iti (noun F-Ac double) ← ubha
firmaments (Earth and Heaven) ← [4] rodasī iti (noun N-Ac double) ← rodas
all around ← [8] viśvataḥ (indeclinable word; adverb) ← viśvatas
{thou overcamest} ← [11] abhi (indeclinable word; preposition)
those who cannot think ← [10] amanyamānān (noun M-Ac plural) ← amanyamāna
by those who think ← [12] manyamānaiḥ (Participle N-I plural) ← manyamāna
by the Wisdom-Words ← [14] brahma-bhiḥ (noun N-I plural) ← brahman
{thou} threwest out ← [13] niḥ (indeclinable word; preposition); [15] adhamaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← dham
the Dasyu ← [16] dasyum (noun M-Ac single) ← dasyu
O Indra ← [17] indra (noun M-V single)
01.033.10 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.02.05 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.043 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
न ये दि॒वः पृ॑थि॒व्या अंत॑मा॒पुर्न मा॒याभि॑र्धन॒दां प॒र्यभू॑वन् ।
युजं॒ वज्रं॑ वृष॒भश्च॑क्र॒ इंद्रो॒ निर्ज्योति॑षा॒ तम॑सो॒ गा अ॑दुक्षत् ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
न ये दिवः पृथिव्या अंतमापुर्न मायाभिर्धनदां पर्यभूवन् ।
युजं वज्रं वृषभश्चक्र इंद्रो निर्ज्योतिषा तमसो गा अदुक्षत् ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
ná yé diváḥ pṛthivyā́ ántamāpúrná māyā́bhirdhanadā́m paryábhūvan ǀ
yújam vájram vṛṣabháścakra índro nírjyótiṣā támaso gā́ adukṣat ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
na ye divaḥ pṛthivyā antamāpurna māyābhirdhanadām paryabhūvan ǀ
yujam vajram vṛṣabhaścakra indro nirjyotiṣā tamaso gā adukṣat ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
न । ये । दि॒वः । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । अन्त॑म् । आ॒पुः । न । मा॒याभिः॑ । ध॒न॒ऽदाम् । प॒रि॒ऽअभू॑वन् ।
युज॑म् । वज्र॑म् । वृ॒ष॒भः । च॒क्रे॒ । इन्द्रः॑ । निः । ज्योति॑षा । तम॑सः । गाः । अ॒धु॒क्ष॒त् ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
न । ये । दिवः । पृथिव्याः । अन्तम् । आपुः । न । मायाभिः । धनऽदाम् । परिऽअभूवन् ।
युजम् । वज्रम् । वृषभः । चक्रे । इन्द्रः । निः । ज्योतिषा । तमसः । गाः । अधुक्षत् ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ná ǀ yé ǀ diváḥ ǀ pṛthivyā́ḥ ǀ ántam ǀ āpúḥ ǀ ná ǀ māyā́bhiḥ ǀ dhana-dā́m ǀ pari-ábhūvan ǀ
yújam ǀ vájram ǀ vṛṣabháḥ ǀ cakre ǀ índraḥ ǀ níḥ ǀ jyótiṣā ǀ támasaḥ ǀ gā́ḥ ǀ adhukṣat ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
na ǀ ye ǀ divaḥ ǀ pṛthivyāḥ ǀ antam ǀ āpuḥ ǀ na ǀ māyābhiḥ ǀ dhana-dām ǀ pari-abhūvan ǀ
yujam ǀ vajram ǀ vṛṣabhaḥ ǀ cakre ǀ indraḥ ǀ niḥ ǀ jyotiṣā ǀ tamasaḥ ǀ gāḥ ǀ adhukṣat ǁ
interlinear translation
They did not reach the end of Heaven {and} of Earth , did not enclosed the Giver of riches by {false} maya-s ; the Bull has made the lightning yoked, Indra by the light milked the cows (supramental perceptions) out of Darkness.
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
They ← [2] ye (pronoun M-N plural) ← yad
did not ← [1] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)
reach ← [6] āpuḥ (verb Perfect Active plural 3rd) ← āp
the end ← [5] antam (noun M-Ac single) ← anta
of Heaven ← [3] divaḥ (noun M-G single) ← div
{and} of Earth ← [4] pṛthivyāḥ (noun F-G single) ← pṛthivī
did not ← [7] na (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)
enclosed ← [10] pari-abhūvan (verb Aorist plural 3rd) ← paribhū
the Giver of riches ← [9] dhana-dām (noun M-Ac single) ← dhanadā
by {false} maya-s ← [8] māyābhiḥ (noun F-I plural) ← māya
; the Bull ← [13] vṛṣabhaḥ (noun M-N single) ← vṛṣabha
has made ← [14] cakre (verb Perfect Middle single 1st) ← kṛ
the lightning ← [12] vajram (noun M-Ac single) ← vajra
yoked ← [11] yujam (noun M-Ac single) ← yuj
Indra ← [15] indraḥ (noun M-N single) ← indra
by the light ← [17] jyotiṣā (noun N-I single) ← jyotis
milked ← [20] adhukṣat (verb Aorist Active single 3rd) ← duh
the cows (supramental perceptions) ← [19] gāḥ (noun M-Ac plural) ← go
out of ← [16] niḥ (indeclinable word; preposition)
Darkness ← [18] tamasaḥ (noun N-Ab single) ← tamas
01.033.11 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.03.01 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.044 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
अनु॑ स्व॒धाम॑क्षर॒न्नापो॑ अ॒स्याव॑र्धत॒ मध्य॒ आ ना॒व्या॑नां ।
स॒ध्री॒चीने॑न॒ मन॑सा॒ तमिंद्र॒ ओजि॑ष्ठेन॒ हन्म॑नाहन्न॒भि द्यून् ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
अनु स्वधामक्षरन्नापो अस्यावर्धत मध्य आ नाव्यानां ।
सध्रीचीनेन मनसा तमिंद्र ओजिष्ठेन हन्मनाहन्नभि द्यून् ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
ánu svadhā́makṣarannā́po asyā́vardhata mádhya ā́ nāvyā́nām ǀ
sadhrīcī́nena mánasā támíndra ójiṣṭhena hánmanāhannabhí dyū́n ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
anu svadhāmakṣarannāpo asyāvardhata madhya ā nāvyānām ǀ
sadhrīcīnena manasā tamindra ojiṣṭhena hanmanāhannabhi dyūn ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
अनु॑ । स्व॒धाम् । अ॒क्ष॒र॒न् । आपः॑ । अ॒स्य॒ । अव॑र्धत । मध्ये॑ । आ । ना॒व्या॑नाम् ।
स॒ध्री॒चीने॑न । मन॑सा । तम् । इन्द्रः॑ । ओजि॑ष्ठेन । हन्म॑ना । अ॒ह॒न् । अ॒भि । द्यून् ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
अनु । स्वधाम् । अक्षरन् । आपः । अस्य । अवर्धत । मध्ये । आ । नाव्यानाम् ।
सध्रीचीनेन । मनसा । तम् । इन्द्रः । ओजिष्ठेन । हन्मना । अहन् । अभि । द्यून् ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ánu ǀ svadhā́m ǀ akṣaran ǀ ā́paḥ ǀ asya ǀ ávardhata ǀ mádhye ǀ ā́ ǀ nāvyā́nām ǀ
sadhrīcī́nena ǀ mánasā ǀ tám ǀ índraḥ ǀ ójiṣṭhena ǀ hánmanā ǀ ahan ǀ abhí ǀ dyū́n ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
anu ǀ svadhām ǀ akṣaran ǀ āpaḥ ǀ asya ǀ avardhata ǀ madhye ǀ ā ǀ nāvyānām ǀ
sadhrīcīnena ǀ manasā ǀ tam ǀ indraḥ ǀ ojiṣṭhena ǀ hanmanā ǀ ahan ǀ abhi ǀ dyūn ǁ
interlinear translation
His Waters flowed by law of their nature, {he} increased in the midst of the navigable {rivers} . With the mind, directed to one aim, Indra by stroke full of energy slew him {Dasyu} for a long time.
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
His ← [5] asya (pronoun M-G single) ← iyam
Waters ← [4] āpaḥ (noun F-N plural) ← ap
flowed ← [3] akṣaran (verb Imperfect Active plural 3rd) ← kṣar
by law of their nature ← [1] anu (indeclinable word; preposition); [2] svadhām (noun F-Ac single) ← svadhā
{he} increased ← [6] avardhata (verb Imperfect Middle single 3rd) ← vṛdh; [8] ā (preposition)
in the midst ← [7] madhye (indeclinable word; preposition)
of the navigable {rivers} ← [9] nāvyānām (noun F-G plural) ← nāvya
With the mind ← [11] manasā (noun N-I single) ← manas
directed to one aim ← [10] sadhrīcīnena (noun N-I single) ← sadhrīcīna
Indra ← [13] indraḥ (noun M-N single) ← indra
by stroke ← [15] hanmanā (noun M-I single) ← hanman
full of energy ← [14] ojiṣṭhena (noun M-I single) ← ojiṣṭha
slew ← [16] ahan (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← han
him {Dasyu} ← [12] tam (pronoun M-Ac single) ← sa
for a long time ← [17] abhi (indeclinable word; preposition); [18] dyūn (noun M-Ac plural) ← div
01.033.12 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.03.02 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.045 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
न्या॑विध्यदिली॒बिश॑स्य दृ॒ळ्हा वि शृं॒गिण॑मभिन॒च्छुष्ण॒मिंद्रः॑ ।
याव॒त्तरो॑ मघव॒न्याव॒दोजो॒ वज्रे॑ण॒ शत्रु॑मवधीः पृत॒न्युं ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
न्याविध्यदिलीबिशस्य दृळ्हा वि शृंगिणमभिनच्छुष्णमिंद्रः ।
यावत्तरो मघवन्यावदोजो वज्रेण शत्रुमवधीः पृतन्युं ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
nyā́vidhyadilībíśasya dṛḷhā́ ví śṛṅgíṇamabhinacchúṣṇamíndraḥ ǀ
yā́vattáro maghavanyā́vadójo vájreṇa śátrumavadhīḥ pṛtanyúm ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
nyāvidhyadilībiśasya dṛḷhā vi śṛṅgiṇamabhinacchuṣṇamindraḥ ǀ
yāvattaro maghavanyāvadojo vajreṇa śatrumavadhīḥ pṛtanyum ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
नि । अ॒वि॒ध्य॒त् । इ॒ली॒बिश॑स्य । दृ॒ळ्हा । वि । शृ॒ङ्गिण॑म् । अ॒भि॒न॒त् । शुष्ण॑म् । इन्द्रः॑ ।
याव॑त् । तरः॑ । म॒घ॒ऽव॒न् । याव॑त् । ओजः॑ । वज्रे॑ण । शत्रु॑म् । अ॒व॒धीः॒ । पृ॒त॒न्युम् ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
नि । अविध्यत् । इलीबिशस्य । दृळ्हा । वि । शृङ्गिणम् । अभिनत् । शुष्णम् । इन्द्रः ।
यावत् । तरः । मघऽवन् । यावत् । ओजः । वज्रेण । शत्रुम् । अवधीः । पृतन्युम् ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ní ǀ avidhyat ǀ ilībíśasya ǀ dṛḷhā́ ǀ ví ǀ śṛṅgíṇam ǀ abhinat ǀ śúṣṇam ǀ índraḥ ǀ
yā́vat ǀ táraḥ ǀ magha-van ǀ yā́vat ǀ ójaḥ ǀ vájreṇa ǀ śátrum ǀ avadhīḥ ǀ pṛtanyúm ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
ni ǀ avidhyat ǀ ilībiśasya ǀ dṛḷhā ǀ vi ǀ śṛṅgiṇam ǀ abhinat ǀ śuṣṇam ǀ indraḥ ǀ
yāvat ǀ taraḥ ǀ magha-van ǀ yāvat ǀ ojaḥ ǀ vajreṇa ǀ śatrum ǀ avadhīḥ ǀ pṛtanyum ǁ
interlinear translation
Indra threw down strong place of Ilibishi , hewed asunder tusky Shushna , so fast, O Lord of plenitude , so strong, {thou} slewest the attacking enemy by the lightning .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
Indra ← [9] indraḥ (noun M-N single) ← indra
threw down ← [1] ni (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition); [2] avidhyat (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← vyadh
strong place ← [4] dṛḷhā = dṛḍhāni (noun N-Ac plural) ← dṛḍha
of Ilibishi ← [3] ilībiśasya (noun M-G single) ← ilībiśa
hewed asunder ← [5] vi (indeclinable word; adverb); [7] abhinat (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← bhid
tusky ← [6] śṛṅgiṇam (noun M-Ac single) ← śṛṅgin
Shushna ← [8] śuṣṇam (noun M-Ac single) ← śuṣṇa
so ← [10] yāvat (noun N-N single)
fast ← [11] taraḥ (noun N-N single) ← taras
O Lord of plenitude ← [12] magha-van (noun M-V single) ← maghavan
so ← [13] yāvat (noun N-N single)
strong ← [14] ojaḥ (noun N-N single) ← ojas
{thou} slewest ← [17] avadhīḥ = ? (verb Aorist Active single 2nd) ← vadh
the attacking ← [18] pṛtanyum (noun M-Ac single) ← pṛtanyu
enemy ← [16] śatrum (noun M-Ac single) ← śatru
by the lightning ← [15] vajreṇa (noun M-I single) ← vajra
01.033.13 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.03.03 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.046 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
अ॒भि सि॒ध्मो अ॑जिगादस्य॒ शत्रू॒न्वि ति॒ग्मेन॑ वृष॒भेणा॒ पुरो॑ऽभेत् ।
सं वज्रे॑णासृजद्वृ॒त्रमिंद्रः॒ प्र स्वां म॒तिम॑तिर॒च्छाश॑दानः ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
अभि सिध्मो अजिगादस्य शत्रून्वि तिग्मेन वृषभेणा पुरोऽभेत् ।
सं वज्रेणासृजद्वृत्रमिंद्रः प्र स्वां मतिमतिरच्छाशदानः ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
abhí sidhmó ajigādasya śátrūnví tigména vṛṣabhéṇā púro’bhet ǀ
sám vájreṇāsṛjadvṛtrámíndraḥ prá svā́m matímatiracchā́śadānaḥ ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
abhi sidhmo ajigādasya śatrūnvi tigmena vṛṣabheṇā puro’bhet ǀ
sam vajreṇāsṛjadvṛtramindraḥ pra svām matimatiracchāśadānaḥ ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
अ॒भि । सि॒ध्मः । अ॒जि॒गा॒त् । अ॒स्य॒ । शत्रू॑न् । वि । ति॒ग्मेन॑ । वृ॒ष॒भेण॑ । पुरः॑ । अ॒भे॒त् ।
सम् । वज्रे॑ण । अ॒सृ॒ज॒त् । वृ॒त्रम् । इन्द्रः॑ । प्र । स्वाम् । म॒तिम् । अ॒ति॒र॒त् । शाश॑दानः ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
अभि । सिध्मः । अजिगात् । अस्य । शत्रून् । वि । तिग्मेन । वृषभेण । पुरः । अभेत् ।
सम् । वज्रेण । असृजत् । वृत्रम् । इन्द्रः । प्र । स्वाम् । मतिम् । अतिरत् । शाशदानः ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
abhí ǀ sidhmáḥ ǀ ajigāt ǀ asya ǀ śátrūn ǀ ví ǀ tigména ǀ vṛṣabhéṇa ǀ púraḥ ǀ abhet ǀ
sám ǀ vájreṇa ǀ asṛjat ǀ vṛtrám ǀ índraḥ ǀ prá ǀ svā́m ǀ matím ǀ atirat ǀ śā́śadānaḥ ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
abhi ǀ sidhmaḥ ǀ ajigāt ǀ asya ǀ śatrūn ǀ vi ǀ tigmena ǀ vṛṣabheṇa ǀ puraḥ ǀ abhet ǀ
sam ǀ vajreṇa ǀ asṛjat ǀ vṛtram ǀ indraḥ ǀ pra ǀ svām ǀ matim ǀ atirat ǀ śāśadānaḥ ǁ
interlinear translation
The one going straight went to his enemies, split asunder the strongholds by {his} sharp {lightning}--bull, Indra with the lightning hit Vritra , triumphant {he} threw forward his thought .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
The one going straight ← [2] sidhmaḥ (noun M-N single) ← sidhma
went ← [3] ajigāt (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← gā
to ← [1] abhi (indeclinable word; preposition)
his ← [4] asya (pronoun M-G single) ← iyam
enemies ← [5] śatrūn (noun M-Ac plural) ← śatru
split asunder ← [6] vi (indeclinable word; adverb); [10] abhet = abhedat (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← bhid
the strongholds ← [9] puraḥ (noun F-Ac plural) ← pur
by {his} sharp {lightning}- ← [7] tigmena (noun M-I single) ← tigma
-bull ← [8] vṛṣabheṇa (noun M-I single) ← vṛṣabha
Indra ← [15] indraḥ (noun M-N single) ← indra
with the lightning ← [12] vajreṇa (noun M-I single) ← vajra
hit ← [11] sam (indeclinable word; adverb); [13] asṛjat (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← abhisṛj
Vritra ← [14] vṛtram (noun M-Ac single) ← vṛtra
triumphant ← [20] śāśadānaḥ (Participle M-N single) ← śad
{he} threw ← [19] atirat (verb Imperfect Active single 3rd) ← tṝ
forward ← [16] pra (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
his ← [17] svām (noun F-Ac single) ← sva
thought ← [18] matim (noun F-Ac single) ← mati
01.033.14 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.03.04 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.047 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
आवः॒ कुत्स॑मिंद्र॒ यस्मि॑ञ्चा॒कन्प्रावो॒ युध्यं॑तं वृष॒भं दश॑द्युं ।
श॒फच्यु॑तो रे॒णुर्न॑क्षत॒ द्यामुच्छ्वै॑त्रे॒यो नृ॒षाह्या॑य तस्थौ ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
आवः कुत्समिंद्र यस्मिञ्चाकन्प्रावो युध्यंतं वृषभं दशद्युं ।
शफच्युतो रेणुर्नक्षत द्यामुच्छ्वैत्रेयो नृषाह्याय तस्थौ ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
ā́vaḥ kútsamindra yásmiñcākánprā́vo yúdhyantam vṛṣabhám dáśadyum ǀ
śaphácyuto reṇúrnakṣata dyā́múcchvaitreyó nṛṣā́hyāya tasthau ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
āvaḥ kutsamindra yasmiñcākanprāvo yudhyantam vṛṣabham daśadyum ǀ
śaphacyuto reṇurnakṣata dyāmucchvaitreyo nṛṣāhyāya tasthau ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
आवः॑ । कुत्स॑म् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । यस्मि॑न् । चा॒कन् । प्र । आ॒वः॒ । युध्य॑न्तम् । वृ॒ष॒भम् । दश॑ऽद्युम् ।
श॒फऽच्यु॑तः । रे॒णुः । न॒क्ष॒त॒ । द्याम् । उत् । श्वै॒त्रे॒यः । नृ॒ऽसह्या॑य । त॒स्थौ॒ ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
आवः । कुत्सम् । इन्द्र । यस्मिन् । चाकन् । प्र । आवः । युध्यन्तम् । वृषभम् । दशऽद्युम् ।
शफऽच्युतः । रेणुः । नक्षत । द्याम् । उत् । श्वैत्रेयः । नृऽसह्याय । तस्थौ ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ā́vaḥ ǀ kútsam ǀ indra ǀ yásmin ǀ cākán ǀ prá ǀ āvaḥ ǀ yúdhyantam ǀ vṛṣabhám ǀ dáśa-dyum ǀ
śaphá-cyutaḥ ǀ reṇúḥ ǀ nakṣata ǀ dyā́m ǀ út ǀ śvaitreyáḥ ǀ nṛ-sáhyāya ǀ tasthau ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
āvaḥ ǀ kutsam ǀ indra ǀ yasmin ǀ cākan ǀ pra ǀ āvaḥ ǀ yudhyantam ǀ vṛṣabham ǀ daśa-dyum ǀ
śapha-cyutaḥ ǀ reṇuḥ ǀ nakṣata ǀ dyām ǀ ut ǀ śvaitreyaḥ ǀ nṛ-sahyāya ǀ tasthau ǁ
interlinear translation
O Indra , {thou} cherishedst Kutsa in whom {thou} wast satisfied, cherishedst the fighting bull Dashadyu. The dust , tossed up by the hoofs, reached Heaven – Shaireya {the son of the white-shining Mother} has stood up for the sake of the manly force .
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
O Indra ← [3] indra (noun M-V single)
{thou} cherishedst ← [1] āvaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← av
Kutsa ← [2] kutsam (noun M-Ac single) ← kutsa
in whom ← [4] yasmin (pronoun M-L single) ← yad
{thou} wast satisfied ← [5] cākan = akanaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← kan
cherishedst ← [6] pra (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition); [7] āvaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← av
the fighting ← [8] yudhyantam (Participle M-Ac single) ← yudhyat
bull ← [9] vṛṣabham (noun M-Ac single) ← vṛṣabha
Dashadyu ← [10] daśa-dyum (noun M-Ac single) ← daśadyu
The dust ← [12] reṇuḥ (noun M-N single) ← reṇu
tossed up by the hoofs ← [11] śapha-cyutaḥ (noun M-N single) ← śaphacyuta
reached ← [13] nakṣata = anakṣata (verb Imperfect Middle single 3rd) ← nakṣ
Heaven ← [14] dyām (noun M-Ac single) ← div
Shaireya {the son of the white-shining Mother} ← [16] śvaitreyaḥ (noun M-N single) ← śvaitreya
has stood ← [18] tasthau (verb Perfect Active single 3rd) ← sthā
up ← [15] ut (indeclinable word; adverb, particle)
for the sake of the manly force ← [17] nṛ-sahyāya (noun M-D single) ← nṛṣāhya
01.033.15 (Mandala. Sukta. Rik)
1.3.03.05 (Ashtaka. Adhyaya. Varga. Rik)
01.07.048 (Mandala. Anuvaka. Rik)
Samhita Devanagari Accented
आवः॒ शमं॑ वृष॒भं तुग्र्या॑सु क्षेत्रजे॒षे म॑घव॒ञ्छ्वित्र्यं॒ गां ।
ज्योक् चि॒दत्र॑ तस्थि॒वांसो॑ अक्रञ्छत्रूय॒तामध॑रा॒ वेद॑नाकः ॥
Samhita Devanagari Nonaccented
आवः शमं वृषभं तुग्र्यासु क्षेत्रजेषे मघवञ्छ्वित्र्यं गां ।
ज्योक् चिदत्र तस्थिवांसो अक्रञ्छत्रूयतामधरा वेदनाकः ॥
Samhita transliteration accented
ā́vaḥ śámam vṛṣabhám túgryāsu kṣetrajeṣé maghavañchvítryam gā́m ǀ
jyók cidátra tasthivā́ṃso akrañchatrūyatā́mádharā védanākaḥ ǁ
Samhita transliteration nonaccented
āvaḥ śamam vṛṣabham tugryāsu kṣetrajeṣe maghavañchvitryam gām ǀ
jyok cidatra tasthivāṃso akrañchatrūyatāmadharā vedanākaḥ ǁ
Padapatha Devanagari Accented
आवः॑ । शम॑म् । वृ॒ष॒भम् । तुग्र्या॑सु । क्षे॒त्र॒ऽजे॒षे । म॒घ॒ऽव॒न् । श्वित्र्य॑म् । गाम् ।
ज्योक् । चि॒त् । अत्र॑ । त॒स्थि॒ऽवांसः॑ । अ॒क्र॒न् । श॒त्रु॒ऽय॒ताम् । अध॑रा । वेद॑ना । अ॒क॒रित्य॑कः ॥
Padapatha Devanagari Nonaccented
आवः । शमम् । वृषभम् । तुग्र्यासु । क्षेत्रऽजेषे । मघऽवन् । श्वित्र्यम् । गाम् ।
ज्योक् । चित् । अत्र । तस्थिऽवांसः । अक्रन् । शत्रुऽयताम् । अधरा । वेदना । अकरित्यकः ॥
Padapatha transliteration accented
ā́vaḥ ǀ śámam ǀ vṛṣabhám ǀ túgryāsu ǀ kṣetra-jeṣé ǀ magha-van ǀ śvítryam ǀ gā́m ǀ
jyók ǀ cit ǀ átra ǀ tasthi-vā́ṃsaḥ ǀ akran ǀ śatru-yatā́m ǀ ádharā ǀ védanā ǀ akarítyakaḥ ǁ
Padapatha transliteration nonaccented
āvaḥ ǀ śamam ǀ vṛṣabham ǀ tugryāsu ǀ kṣetra-jeṣe ǀ magha-van ǀ śvitryam ǀ gām ǀ
jyok ǀ cit ǀ atra ǀ tasthi-vāṃsaḥ ǀ akran ǀ śatru-yatām ǀ adharā ǀ vedanā ǀ akarityakaḥ ǁ
interlinear translation
O Lord of plenitude, {thou} increasedst the peaceful bull in the Tugryas , bull Shvitrya in the winning of field. Then, while the standing {sides in the battle} did so, {thee} madest the knowledge of the enemies lower.
Translation — Padapatha — Grammar
O Lord of plenitude ← [6] magha-van (noun M-V single) ← maghavan
{thou} increasedst ← [1] āvaḥ (verb Imperfect Active single 2nd) ← av
the peaceful ← [2] śamam (noun M-Ac single) ← śama
bull ← [3] vṛṣabham (noun M-Ac single) ← vṛṣabha
in the Tugryas ← [4] tugryāsu = tugryeṣu (noun M-L plural) ← tugrya
bull ← [8] gām (noun M-Ac single) ← go
Shvitrya ← [7] śvitryam (noun M-Ac single) ← śvitrya
in the winning of field ← [5] kṣetra-jeṣe (noun M-L single) ← kṣetrajeṣa
Then ← [11] atra (indeclinable word; adverb, preposition)
while ← [9] jyok (indeclinable word; adverb)
the standing {sides in the battle} ← [12] tasthi-vāṃsaḥ (noun M-N plural) ← tasthivas
did so ← [13] akran (verb Imperfect Active plural 3rd) ← kṛ
{thee} madest ← [17] akarityakaḥ (verb Aorist Active single 2nd) ← kṛ
the knowledge ← [16] vedanā (noun F-N single) ← vedana
of the enemies ← [14] śatru-yatām (noun M-G plural) ← śatrūya
lower ← [15] adharā (noun F-N single) ← adhara
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Translations and commentaries by Sri Aurobindo |
1. June 19161
1.33.1. Come, let us go seeking the cows to Indra; for it is he that increases the thought in us; invincible is he and complete are his felicities, he releases for us (separates from the darkness) the supreme knowledge-vision of the luminous cows,
1.33.2. I fly to the unassailable giver of riches like a bird to its beloved nest, bowing down to Indra with the supreme words of light, to him to whom his affirmers must call in their journey.
1.33.3. He comes with all his armies and has fastened firmly his quivers; he is the fighter (the Aryan) who brings the cows to whomsoever he desires. O Indra who hast increased (by our word), hold not back for thyself thy much delight, become not in us the Pani
1.33.4. Nay, thou slayest with thy weapon the wealthy Dasyu, ranging alone with thy powers that serve thee, O Indra; they on thy bow (the powers as arrows) sped diversely in all directions and they who keep possession and sacrifice not went unto their death
1.33.5. Their heads were scattered far from them, they who do not sacrifice yet strove with the sacrificers, when, O lord of the shining steeds, O strong stander in heaven, thou didst cast out from Heaven and Earth those who observe not the law of thy working (avratān).
1.33.6. They fought against the army of the blameless one; the Navagwas set him on his march; like bullocks who fight against the bull they were cast out, they came to know what was Indra and fled from him down the slopes
1.33.7. O Indra, thou foughtest them who laughed and wept on the other side of the mid-world (rajasaḥ pāre, i.e. on the borders of heaven); thou didst burn down the Dasyu out of heaven from on high, thou didst foster the expression of him who affirms thee and gives the Soma
1.33.8. Making the circle of the earth, they shone in the light of the golden gem (an image for the Sun); but for all their rushing they could not pass beyond Indra, for he set spies all around by the Sun
1.33.9. When thou possessedst earth and heaven all around with thy vastness, O Indra, by the speakers of the word (brahmabhir) thou didst cast out the Dasyu, attacking those who can think not (the Truth) by those who think, amanyamānāṃ abhi manyamānaiḥ
1.33.10. They attained not to the end of heaven and earth; Indra, the bull, made the lightning his helper, by the Light he milked the shining cows out of the darkness
[Notes]
1.33.3. The last phrase is a striking one and in the current interpretation its real force is avoided by rendering “do not become a miser with regard to us.” But this is to ignore the fact that the Panis are the withholders of the wealth who keep it for themselves and give it neither to god nor man. The sense obviously is “Having thy much wealth of the delight, do not be a Pani, one who holds his possessions only for himself and keeps them from man; do not hold the delight away from us in thy superconscient as the Panis do in their subconscient secrecy.”
1.33.8. Dasyus are driven out of heaven by the flames of the thunderbolt, they circle round the earth and are cast out of both heaven and earth; for they can find no place in either heaven or earth, all being now full of the greatness of Indra, nor can conceal themselves anywhere from his lightnings because the Sun with its rays gives him spies whom he sets all round and in the brightness of those rays the Panis are discovered.
1.33.10. “Indra the Bull made the thunderbolt his ally” or perhaps “made it applied (yujam), he by the Light milked the rays (cows) out of the darkness,”
1 The Secret of the Veda. XXII. The Conquest over the Dasyus // CWSA.– Vol. 15.– The Secret of the Veda.– Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 1998, pp. 232-240. 1-st published: Arya: A Philosophical Review. Monthly.– Vol.2, No 11 – June 1916, pp. 677-686.
2 The Secret of the Veda. XV. The Lost Sun and the Lost Cows // CWSA.– Vol. 15.– The Secret of the Veda.– Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 1998, pp. 149-158. 1-st published: Arya: A Philosophical Review. Monthly.– Vol.2, No 4 – November 1915, pp. 224-234.
24.11.2020
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